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  • List of the Articles for Vol. 9, No. 2, December 2024

    al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024)

    The current issue, Volume 9, Issue 2 (December 2024), brings together six compelling articles from three different countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia) that reflect the diversity and depth of contemporary Islamic studies. These works delve into critical areas such as social harmony, spiritual resilience, ethical guidance, mental health, electoral integrity, and Islamic entrepreneurship. Together, they provide a comprehensive look at how Islamic values and principles can be applied to address multifaceted challenges in today’s world.

  • Latest Articles

    The latest articles are articles accepted for publication in this journal but not yet published in a volume/issue. Articles are removed from the ‘Latest articles’ list when they are published in a volume/issue. The latest articles are citable using the author(s), year of online publication, article title, journal, and article URL.

  • List of the Articles for Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2024

    al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 9 No. 1 (2024)

    The al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues Editorial Board is delighted to announce the release of Volume 9, Issue 1 (June 2024), which addresses Islamic contemporary issues. This publication comprises four scholarly studies focused on the historical and phenomenological aspects of religion, specifically from an Islamic standpoint.

  • al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 8 No. 2 (2023)

    The Editorial Board of the al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues is pleased to announce this volume 8, issue 2 (December 2023), devoted to Islam. This issue includes eight studies dedicated to the history and phenomenology of religion from an Islamic perspective.

  • List of the Articles for Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2023

    al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023)

    The Editorial Board of the al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues is pleased to announce this volume 8, issue 1 (June 2023), devoted to Islam. This issue includes eight studies devoted to the history and phenomenology of religion from an Islamic perspective.

    Usman et al., in their paper “Does Islam Tolerate Other Religions? A Quranic Perspective" aimed to show how Islamic tolerance can solve religious conflicts that affect numerous areas of life, such as the economy, security, and politics. This paper also provides more profound knowledge based on the perspective of the Quran to build a society full of peace, harmony, and unity through Islamic tolerance. The Quran's stance on tolerance must be understood and followed to prevent societal divisions.

    The second paper is titled “Writings and Studies Related to Tuan Guru Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat (1931-2015): Bibliometric Analysis Over Three Decades,” by Nasir et al. The article presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the writings and studies associated with Tuan Guru Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat, a prominent figure in Malaysian politics and Islamic scholarship. This study contributes significantly to the field of knowledge by shedding light on the scholarly output and impact of Tuan Guru Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat’s works over the past three decades. The analysis provides insights into the scope and depth of his contributions and highlights the evolving trends and themes within the field of study. The paper also serves as a valuable resource for researchers, academics, and enthusiasts interested in exploring the life and intellectual legacy of Tuan Guru Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat.

    Included in this June 2023 issue is an exciting topic by Othman et al. titled “Religiosity Level and Perceived Social Support for the Psychological Well-Being of Muslim Undergraduate Nursing Students.” This paper expands the empirical understanding of the psychological well-being of Muslim nurses by examining the impact of two protective factors: religiosity level and perceived family support. The study provides an example of how protective factors can benefit the mental health of Muslim healthcare workers and other religious health professionals by focusing on undergraduate nursing students.

    Mohd Ghazi et al. wrote the following paper titled “The Role of Mainstream Media and Christian Organisations in Shaping South Korean Views on Islam and Muslims: A Historical Study.” This paper contributes to the field of knowledge by shedding light on the broader dynamics of media influence and religious organisations’ role in shaping societal perceptions of Islam and Muslims. The comprehensive historical analysis offers a foundation for further scholarly investigations into the intersection of media, religion, and public opinion formation. Furthermore, the insights provided in this study can inform policymakers, interfaith dialogue initiatives, and advocacy organisations working towards fostering greater understanding and tolerance among different religious communities in South Korea. This paper expands our understanding of the complex interplay between media, religion, and social attitudes, significantly contributing to the field.

    The Arabic paper for this issue is titled "Phonological Analysis for Liquids Rules in al-Sūsī of Abī ‘Amr Narration" by Mohamad Isa et al. This article provides findings that other researchers can study to contribute new findings for future research. As for the phonology field, the results show that liquid sounds and rules are applied in Arabic and other languages. Two main features or traits, [± repeated] and [± side], play roles in changing liquid sounds. The findings also show that the Quranic narrations have various samples and data to be analysed and can contribute to many other fields. These findings contribute to the phonological data and the Quranic narrations field, which can be diverted as big data that can be referred to in future studies.

    Mohd Noor et al. paper titled “Badī‘ al-Zamān Sa‘īd Nursī’s Approach Through Writing in Da‘wah: A Study of Effective Verbal Communication,” contributes to at least three groups: researchers in the field of communication, preachers (dā’ī), and the Tullāb al-Nūr (students and researchers of Rasā’il al-Nūr), especially in Malaysia. For students in Islamic communication, this study adds to their knowledge about the importance of writing methods, especially by any Islamic figure, as an effective preaching approach. For dā’ī in Malaysia, this study is expected to improve their techniques and approaches when delivering da‘wah while introducing famous 20th-century da‘wah figures to them. While for Tullāb al-Nūr, it is part of the reference and collection of scientific studies about Rasā’il al-Nūr in Malaysia.

    The study by Habib and Nasir on fanaticism in Cordoba during the 5th century AH defines a crucial stage in Andalusia's Islamic state. The reasons for hindering the construction and dividing the Islamic civilization caused conflicts and its collapse. The paper can emphasise the contribution of Andalusian society's racial diversity to the collapse of sectarianism in the tribe, which persisted even after the establishment of the Islamic state.

    Furthermore, the last paper for this issue is “Divine values in engineering science: Highlights of Quranic verses and its appreciation based on Tafsīr Fī Zilāl al-Qur’ān by Sayyid Quṭb (1906-1966),” by Alpandi et al. They found that the literature lacks sufficient discussion about Quranic verses and their impact on engineers' lives in various engineering fields. The divine values highlighted through the appreciation of verses, translations, and Tafsīr Fī Zilāl al-Qur’ān explain that every branch of engineering is related to the power of Allah, the Creator. Therefore, it is reasonable for a servant to make this divine value the core of the study of any field of knowledge, thus strengthening his obedience and faith in Allah.

  • al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 7 No. 2 (2022)

    The Editorial Board is delighted to announce volume 7, issue 2 (December 2022) of al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues. This issue contains ten articles pertaining to Quranic studies, Islamic thought, linguistics and translation, Islamic education and teaching, Islamic law and legal theory, Islamic psychology, and Islamic economics.

    In Tafsir Al-Quran Nik Abdul Aziz: Surah al-Fātiḥah, Ahmad and Baharudin concentrate on the prayer technique. This study revealed that the primary message of Tuan Guru Dato' Haji Nik Abdul Aziz bin Nik Mat is that the recitation of supplications must be plain and understandable and that one should always seek Allah's guidance.

    Ismail and Mohd find the methods utilised by Haji Abdul Malik Karrullah Amrullah (HAMKA) in his Tafsir al-Azhar to extract the highlights and lessons from the verses about prophetic history (Fiqh al-Sīrah). The significance of this study derives from the fact that it examines the best and most exhaustive exegesis written in Malay. This study discovered that the essential Hamka's trends are: elucidating highlights and lessons in Islamic propagation and politics; emphasising highlights and lessons in belief and behaviour; relating the prophetic history's reflections to the current situation; linking the highlights and lessons of the prophetic history's reflections to the Islamic-Nationalism ideology; determining the jurisprudence rulings deduced from the prophetic events; and correcting the society's ugliness. These developments reflect Hamka's Islamic propagation, reform, politics, and societal objectives. Therefore, this research will make a scholarly contribution to the field of reflection on prophetic history and Quranic exegesis (al-Tafsīr) by presenting a model of the practical and living approach to extracting the highlights and lessons of prophetic history from the primary source, the Holy Quran.

    Through al-Taysīr fī Aḥādīth al-Tafsīr, Rozani et al. investigate the ideas of a Moroccan Islamic scholar, Muḥammad al-Makkī al-Nāṣirī on al-Iṣlāḥ and their applications in combating the endemic phase. The results indicate that the restoration of the endemic phase is not restricted to external factors such as environmental reform. It is also essential to consider the spiritual disintegration and social conflict between communities, both of which contribute to the causes of global catastrophe. This study is significant for all parties working to improve the world after the COVID-19 pandemic while broadening the scope of the endemic phase improvement strategy.

    From previous research, Tuan Mat et al. identify discourse on translating Arabic prose literature into Malay. Two aspects are the focus of this study: i) Arabic-Malay translations of literary works, frequently used as research materials to observe the trend of aspects of scholarly research, and ii) translation method and strategy for figurative language in Arabic-Malay translations of literary works. The Arabic-Malay literature translations Kalīlah wa Dimnah, Riḥlah Ibn Baṭṭūṭah, Ḥikāyat Alf Laylah wa Laylah and Masrūr wa Maqrūr are frequently used as research materials. The study's findings indicate that previous research has analysed the translation of Arabic-Malay prose from the perspectives of theory, method, and translation strategy. Choosing a theory, method, and strategy can result in high-quality translations in the target language and the preservation of literary values as intended by the source text.

    Abdullah and Samsudin compare the strategies employed by the Restu Foundation and al-Hidayah House of Quran for translating synecdoche in Quranic discourse to determine the correspondence between the actual meaning of the Quran and the target text. As data sources, this analysis employs al-Burhān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qurān (2001) and al-Itqān fī ‘Ulūm al-Qurān (2003). Based on explicit concepts introduced by Vinay and Darbelnet (1995) and the standard transfer operation of explicit proposed by Klaudy and Károly (2005), translation data for two (2) chosen corpora are analysed. This investigation found that thirteen out of forty-eight translations of synecdoche were translated differently. Similarly, a word-by-word approach provides the source text with no sense of meaning. This approach should be avoided as Arabic and Malay use their languages differently. To accomplish compatibility in the translation, the implicit meanings of the Quranic synecdoche must be incorporated into the target text.

    In their paper "External Rhythmic Features in the Poem "Li Annaka Khayr Khalq Allāh Ḥaqqan" by Aḥmad Nanāwī: A Prosodic Analytical Study," Mohammed Hafees et al. investigate the aesthetic features resulting from al-‘Arūḍ (Arabic prosody) and al-Qāfiyah (Rhyme) in Aḥmad Nanāwī’s poem. Using the analytical method, the research analyses the poem based on the science of prosody and rhyme. This study concluded that the poet invested the rhythmic dimension provided by al-Baḥr al-Wāfir itself, as well as strengthening the rhythmic structure through the use of ziḥāf al-‘aṣb and scansion of the poem (al-Taqṭī’ al-‘Arūḍi), to shed light on the intended purpose of this poem, which was to pay homage to the Prophet (PBUH) by defending him and responding to the statements made against him by some extremists. The poet was also successful in selecting the letter al-lām with ḍamma vowel as the letter of rawī and composing the rhyme elements, elevating the poem's rhythmic intensity to its highest level. It demonstrates that the poet's creativity was consistent with the poem's character.

    Ismail et al. identify the challenges lecturers in Malaysia's Klang Valley face when teaching and learning logic. The study results indicate that lecturers' challenges when teaching logic are primarily theoretical and difficult to comprehend. Moreover, lecturers must be inventive when presenting examples and address students' inability to comprehend the relationship between logic and other sciences. This study also uncovered the need for lecturers to diversify their teaching methods through a blended learning approach to attract and motivate students to master the subject.

    Abdul Mutalib et al. describe the concept of diyya property, its implementation in Malaysia, and the categories of property that can be used to pay diyya. This article will also discuss the diyya rate in Malaysia and the methods used to determine it. This article summarises the concept of national property. In the context of Malaysia, the Malaysian Ringgit (RM) is the national currency. The Dirham to Malaysian Ringgit exchange rate is applicable in Malaysia.

    Mohamad Shariff et al. investigate the connection between listening to Islamic music, spiritual well-being, and exhaustion among university employees. During the COVID-19 movement control order in Malaysia (April to May 2021), a cross-sectional study utilising an online survey was conducted with 140 university employees. The set of questionnaires includes socio-demographic information, the categories and frequency of music employees listen to, the Modified Maslach Inventory Burnout (MBI), the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL), and spiritual well-being (SWB). The data were analysed with SPSS version 26.0, and hypotheses were tested with the Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman correlation. Most employees listened to music daily, and 51.4% of those surveyed listened to Islamic music or audio. The participants in the study have a high level of religiosity (DUREL Mean = 24.02, SD=±2.352) and a high level of spiritual well-being (SWB) (mean = 109.84, SD = ±9.014). Employees with burnout exhibited low depersonalisation (mean = 8.54, SD=±5.728), moderate emotional exhaustion (mean = 20.51, SD=±9.866), and high personal accomplishment (mean = 31.87, SD=±7.956). SWB correlates positively with personal success and negatively with emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation (p<.05). This study demonstrates that listening to Islamic music can improve employees' mental health and productivity.

    Azwar et al. provide solutions to the epistemological problems of the institutional environment or higher education institutions and examine the Quranic perspective and the position and application of Islamic economics between the influence of economics and Fiqh al-Mu‘āmalah. According to the study's findings, Islamic economics is not only a system or standard, as was previously believed, but also a scientific discipline discovered using scientific methodology. It is difficult to reconcile the position of Islamic economics between the influence of economics and Fiqh al-Mu‘āmalah. Their fundamental distinction, mainly epistemological, necessitates synergy and integration within Islamic economics.

     

  • al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022)

    The Editorial Board is pleased to announce the release of volume 7, issue 1 (June 2022) of al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues. This publication comprises a compilation of ten scholarly essays encompassing several fields of study, including linguistics and translation, Quranic studies, Islamic thought, Islamic psychology, Islamic economics, and Islamic da‘wah.

    The advancement of scholarly investigations in Malay and Arabic has motivated academics to formulate an interpretation of the discourse particle lah from the standpoint of Arabic linguistics. The study conducted by Ismail et al. incorporated Sidnell’s approach to elucidate many factors influencing the selection of interpretation methods, including discourse type, informants, and techniques for transcribing data. The utilisation of recordings from the Wacana Sinar speech titled Plan for National Young Leaders/Pelan Pemimpin Muda Untuk Negara is employed. The interview had a moderator and three-panel members representing both the administration and the opposition parties. The utilisation of Arabic Balāghah principles is employed in the analysis of the discourse particle lah in the Malay language, aiding in the formulation of an interpretation. Drawing upon this body of knowledge, particularly with regards to al-ma‘ānī, the examination of the particle lah for discourse interpretation centres on the characteristics of spoken language (khabarī), elements of speech structure (isnād), and aspects of linguistic style (uslūb). This investigation revealed two distinct meanings of the discourse particle lah. The speech structure employed is suggestive of a particular pattern. In addition to that, twelve other readings of the discourse particle lah are grounded in various characteristics of linguistic style.

    In their study, Abdul Raup et al. examine the use of Malay pantun in the animated series Upin & Ipin, drawing on the theoretical framework of pantun proposed by Mat Piah (1989). Additionally, the researchers analyse the translation of pantun into Arabic, employing the translation procedures outlined by Vinay & Darbelnet (1958/1995) and Veisbergs (1997). The primary objective of this research is to examine the equivalency of Malay-Arabic pantun translation. Specifically, the study aims to investigate the translation procedures employed, the selection of words, and the maintenance of rhyming patterns in the translated pantun. The study results indicate that most Malay pantun featured in this cartoon series conform to the pantun characteristics outlined by Mat Piah (1989). Additionally, the analysis identified seven translation procedures utilised: literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, adaption, addition, and omission.

    In their study, Kamarudin and Mustapha analyse the semantic interpretations of the particles waw and fā’ in narratives found in Surah al-Kaḥf. They also examine the impact of these particles on the continuity and chronological duration of the stories. The study’s results demonstrate several interpretations of these two particles, including instances when a single occurrence in certain verses had two distinct meanings. The implications of both particles have also influenced the coherence between two narratives or storylines; however, the temporal duration has greater significance in the case of the particle fā’ compared to waw.

    In their scholarly work, Rozani et al. examine the subject of Al-Tafsīr al-Maqāṣidī in the context of Quranic exegesis. This area of research focuses on the utilisation of Maqāṣid al-Shāriʿah, which refers to the divine purpose behind the order prescribed by Allah, as a guiding principle for Islamic scholars. By adhering to this approach, scholars aim to ensure that their interpretations of Quranic verses are grounded in pursuing divine objectives rather than being influenced by personal inclinations or desires. Hence, the primary goal of this theme review is to consolidate the existing body of literature pertaining to the research domain of al-Tafsīr al-Maqāṣidī, employing the software tool ATLAS.ti 8. The present study conducted a theme review, which involved the identification of 86 initial codes that represent the research area of al-Tafsīr al-Maqāṣidī. These codes were further categorised into 12 distinct clusters. The clusters can be classified into two different groups: concept clusters and application clusters. The findings of the investigation revealed that although there have been ongoing efforts to develop the theory of al-Tafsīr al-Maqāṣidī, it has not yet reached a state of maturity. The study of al-Tafsīr al-Maqāṣidī is predominantly focused on its applicability to modern challenges, which is widely regarded as the most popular area of inquiry.

    Abdul Azib and Hussin critically examine Abdul Hadi Awang’s approach to interpreting Isrā'īliyyāt narratives. The research findings indicate that the Isrā’īliyyāt narration, as delivered by Abdul Hadi, may be classified into two distinct categories: narrations accompanied by commentary and narrations lacking commentary. Furthermore, it should be acknowledged that the inclusion of Isrā’īliyyāt narratives in Abdul Hadi’s interpretation was not derived from his primary source of interpretation. Instead, it was strategically employed to captivate the audience during his lecture.

    Shbair and Hasfi investigate the potential impact of state media television in Palestine on promoting patriotism since examining such a contribution warrants independent exploration. To explore this matter, the authors employ agenda-setting theories at the primary level, elucidating the media’s capacity to sway audiences, shape public sentiment, and establish a framework of national loyalty. The study’s findings indicated that the content broadcasted on Palestine TV positively fostered a sense of Palestinian nationalism among viewers. This discovery suggests that the media can potentially enhance individuals’ perspectives about patriotism. This study offers valuable insights for future research on the influence of media during periods of crisis, specifically focusing on the Israeli occupation of Palestine and its repercussions on the Palestinian population.

    In their study, Nong et al. investigate the factors that have contributed to the increase in homelessness within the urban context of Kuala Lumpur. The study’s outcomes suggest that the efficacy of building the identity notion is diminished for individuals facing social challenges, particularly those experiencing homelessness. The aforementioned deficiencies can be ascribed to a misinterpretation of religious elements and the Islamic doctrine (‘aqīdah), which impede the execution of crucial practices from the Muslim standpoint in their daily existence. Psycho-religious support within homogeneous social groups fails to yield any discernible impact on their lives. Moreover, the prevalence of negative thinking and idleness is closely associated with homelessness. The present study holds theoretical significance in fostering an enhanced sense of identity among homeless populations. This can facilitate the implementation of more efficacious measures by the authorities to address the issue of homelessness among individuals in Malaysia.

    Eman Surya and Istianah engage in a scholarly investigation of the verses of the Quran and their interpretations of plagues, disasters, and related occurrences. Their objective is to discern the Islamic rationale underlying the cultivation of human psychological fortitude and resilience amidst the ongoing epidemic. The study’s findings indicate that the Quran contains instances of calamities, such as plagues, and God’s assurance regarding the inevitability of challenges. The text also explores various problems and human responses to these challenges and calamities. Consequently, it can be inferred that the descriptions presented in the Quran have the potential to cultivate psychological preparedness among individuals in any circumstance, particularly in the context of the ongoing pandemic.

    In their study, Azwar et al. examine the potential problems associated with the halal food and beverage business in Indonesia. The findings indicated that Indonesia presents favourable prospects within the food and beverage industry. Indonesia has experienced a substantial increase in the Muslim population. The Indonesian market exhibits a substantial size in terms of its target demographic, with a notable surge in public consciousness regarding halal cuisine and a rapid pace of technological advancements. The proliferation of e-commerce and media platforms is steadily expanding. Regarding the aspect of funding, a plethora of alternative financing platforms and prospects for partnership with Islamic banking and financial institutions exist. Nevertheless, the potential of this opportunity remains untapped. Indonesia continues encountering various problems, including constrained entry into global markets, inadequate investigation into market dynamics, and suboptimal utilisation of information technology for industrial advancement. In the current state, there remains a need for harmonisation between the policies implemented by both central and regional governments. Additionally, the existing bureaucracy for facilitating inter-sectoral cooperation is minimal.

    In his analysis, Muhammad Salman Palewai explores the communication of da‘wah, or the invitation to Islam, to individuals who do not identify as Muslims in the literary work Ayat-Ayat Cinta, authored by Habiburrahman El Shirazi. The findings of this study indicate that Habiburrahman El Shirazi employs a literary technique wherein non-Muslim characters are prominently featured in the work. Notable examples are the family of Mr. Boutros Rafael Girgis (comprising Maria, Yosoef, Mr. Boutros, and Madame Nahed) and Alicia, a journalist hailing from the United States. The author incorporated various characters to address significant subjects from an Islamic perspective, often misconstrued by specific individuals who are not adherents of the faith. These topics encompass the portrayal of women in Islamic teachings, the dynamics of marital relationships, the interaction between individuals of the opposite gender who are not considered mahram, and the role of Islam as a guiding force that bestows blessings upon both Muslim and non-Muslim communities. Likewise, the author effectively communicates an Islamic message regarding the dynamics between Muslims and non-Muslims through the narrative’s plot.

     

  • al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 6 No. 2 (2021)

    The Editorial Board is pleased to proclaim al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues, volume 6, issue 2 (December 2021). This issue includes six articles on comparative religion, Islamic education and teaching, linguistics, and Islamic law.

  • al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 6 No. 1 (2021)

    The Editorial Board is pleased to announce the release of volume 6, issue 1 (June 2021) of al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues. This publication comprises eighteen scholarly articles on Islamic education and teaching, Hadith studies, linguistics and translation, da’wah, Islamic law and legal, ethics, economics, tourism, and politics. 

    In their study, Mohamad et al. investigate the role played by Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in fostering the cultivation of Quranic sanad talaqqī. The study’s findings suggest a need for further development and promotion of the Quranic Sanad Talaqqī Course. Moreover, it is worth noting that acquiring knowledge through the method of sanad talaqqī holds significant importance since it is considered a practice following the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and has been followed by proficient reciters throughout history. Hence, Islamic Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) must be crucial in fostering the transmission of the Quranic sanad talaqqī.

    Abd Hamid et al. investigated the educational framework and pedagogical practices employed in the tahfīẓ system at Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) in Malaysia. The results indicated that the tahfīẓ learning factor has a modest significance level. Furthermore, the findings of the study do not indicate any notable disparities in the implementation of learning systems based on gender or in the design of the study. The study’s conclusions significantly influence enhancing the quality of teaching and learning, particularly within the tertiary education context. Preserving the miraculous nature of the Quran and cultivating Quranic literacy among future generations necessitate the continued sustenance of the tahfīẓ programmes within tertiary education.

    A study was undertaken by Mohamad Shokri et al. to examine the implementation of blended learning (BL) in a general context at UNITEN, as well as the utilisation of digital innovation enhancement in teaching and learning, with a specific focus on the Tahfīẓ Programme at UNITEN. UNITEN has deployed four BL applications: Technology-Aided Learning, Enhanced Learning, Flipped Teaching and Learning, and Adaptive Learning. The investigation findings indicate that the Tahfīẓ initiative incorporates four distinct forms of digital innovation. The four components encompass the uploading of course materials onto the Moodle platform, the incorporation of audio-visual resources from diverse sources such as PowToonPanopto, and YouTube, the implementation of continuous evaluation through the Moodle platform, and the utilisation of online activities employing numerous mediums like Kahoot, PadletCoggleMentimeters, and Plickers. This endeavour can enhance the teaching and learning programs of tahfīẓ studies, making them more efficient, captivating, and aligned with contemporary advancements and educational requirements, thereby creating an exceptional cohort.

    Yahaya et al. analyse the utilisation of information and communication technology (ICT) in the instructional process of Quranic tahfīẓ. The establishment of Tahfīẓ education in Malaysia has been firmly entrenched throughout the last decade. Incorporating information and communication technology (ICT) into the educational landscape of the 21st century necessitates a corresponding evolution in the teaching of tahfīẓ. This study examines the preparedness of educators and students at MITS Selangor to utilise information and communication technology (ICT) to teach Quranic memorisation. The results indicate that teachers are prepared to utilise information and communication technology (ICT) in the instruction of tahfīẓ, as evidenced by the overall mean score of 3.81 and standard deviation. The value of 0.775 is considered to be at a moderately high level. The average score for pupils is 3.33, accompanied by a somewhat significant standard deviation of 0.736. Although teachers acknowledge the significance of incorporating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the instruction of tahfīẓ, its utilisation remains limited. The enhancement of teaching tahfīẓ through the utilisation of information and communication technology (ICT) should be prioritised as an effective pedagogical tool. This can be achieved by creating an atmosphere that fulfils students’ needs, interests, and contextual conditions. In addition, it also caters to the preferences of learners based on temporal trends. The Malaysian Ministry of Education promotes the cultivation of Ḥuffāẓ, who demonstrate proficiency and exhibit the capacity for holistic physical and spiritual development.

    Ibrahim and Baharum have constructed the foundational structure of an Arabic learning module, incorporating innovative methodologies. The primary aim of this research endeavour is to develop and disseminate a foundational Quranic Arabic curriculum that is specifically tailored to meet the needs of the general populace in Malaysia. This study additionally investigates novel methodologies employing fundamental or paramount hues. In addition, this lesson provides the general public with an introduction to the fundamental principles of Arabic grammar as applied in the Quran. The researchers propose intensifying comprehensive studies to enhance public comprehension of the Quran through the Arabic language.

    Zaini et al. conducted a study investigating the extent of vocabulary knowledge among senior students enrolled in Arabic Language Studies. The researchers used a series of questionnaires and the Arabic Vocabulary Level Test (aVLT), derived from the Vocabulary Level Test (Nation, 1998, 2001), to determine the participants’ receptive vocabulary size. The study’s participants comprised 31 undergraduate students enrolled at Kolej Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Selangor (KUIS) in Malaysia. The study outcomes indicate that, on average, each participant has attained approximately 2223 high-frequency terms. Prior research has indicated that attaining a minimum level of language proficiency can be accomplished by acquiring a vocabulary of as few as 2000 high-frequency words. This study posits that the explicit and continuous instruction of vocabulary should commence in the early stages of education and persist until the tertiary level.

    Daud et al. conducted a study examining the comparison of stress symptoms among huffāẓ in the Bachelor of Qira’at undergraduate program. The participants of this study consist of students enrolled at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) and Kolej Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Selangor (KUIS). The data-gathering process relies on using questionnaire instruments and applying descriptive analysis methodologies. The results of the study suggest that there are varying levels of stress symptoms observed between the two universities. The respondents from USIM indicated that the degree of their stress symptoms is moderate, as seen by their moderate ratings in all three domains: physical, psychological, and mental. Nevertheless, there is a significant incidence of stress symptoms in behaviour. In contrast, the examination of the KUIS respondents revealed a generally low degree of stress, as indicated by the low scores obtained for all four components. The results indicate that stress levels are impacted by various factors, including environmental conditions, situational circumstances, and an individual’s self-perception. In summary, effective stress management plays a crucial role in the holistic development of pupils in accordance with Islamic beliefs.

    Md Soh and Ismail analyse the present state of affairs regarding implementing Malaysian Public University (MPU) courses inside Higher Education Institutions in Malaysia. The research findings have unveiled four distinct themes about implementing the system. These themes encompass the aspects of implementation, relevancy, impact, and teaching approach. Ultimately, the findings of this literature review can serve as a valuable starting point for Higher Education Institutions seeking to enhance the implementation of MPU courses to cultivate graduates who are equipped to thrive in the future.

    In the setting of Brunei Darussalam, Haji Abd Latif and Shamsu undertake an exploration and investigation of the concept of Islamic Lifelong Learning. This study relies on examining and evaluating previously conducted research and information obtained from authoritative sources, such as government websites. Moreover, the research results have indicated the existence of diverse educational programs within the field of Lifelong Learning, commonly referred to as Islamic Lifelong Learning. Therefore, this study finds that Islamic Lifelong Learning is integral to continuous education in Brunei Darussalam. It is implemented in various settings, such as mosques, balais, universities, and institutes, with specific Islamic modules encompassing ‘AqīdahSharī‘ah, and Akhlāq.

    The study conducted by Sudi et al. demonstrates that those with a limited sense of personal spirituality are more susceptible to addiction and experience more severe repercussions. Therefore, this study aimed to gather hadiths about personal spiritual growth to mitigate substance use. The research utilises a thematic analysis methodology to locate and examine interconnected hadiths. The research reveals a significant correlation between spiritual factors such as life goals, gratitude, self-reliance, solid faith adherence, and drug engagement prevention.

    In their analysis, Zakaria and Nordin examine the discussion between Prophet Yusuf and his siblings within the negotiating process. They focus on two key aspects: the utilisation of language and the correlation between the negotiator’s authority and the language employed. This analysis focuses on the negotiation discourse found in the text of the dialogue between Prophet Yusuf and his siblings in Surah Yūsuf. The analysis examines three distinct phases of the negotiations: the negotiation regarding the preparation of food supplies, the negotiations surrounding the detention of Bunyāmīn, and the subsequent peace negotiation. The study incorporates Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis framework, encompassing textual characteristics such as modalities, particles, and text structure. The scope of discourse practice is confined solely to verbal communication capabilities. The interplay between the two dimensions demonstrates the examination of the dimensions of social practice. One may observe that the negotiating discourse between Yusuf and his siblings exhibits a social practicality characterised by the use of power. The language employed in this context is persuasive, aggressive, and marked by politeness.

    Abdullah et al. examine the translation of Quranic verses into the Malay language, explicitly focusing on the incorporation of the majāz mursal style of language. Their analysis aims to assess the degree of equivalency between the original meaning conveyed in the Quranic message and the resulting target text. This study exclusively examines the correlation between effects or consequences (musabbab). The present study utilises two translation texts of the Quran authored by Mahmud Yunus and Abdullah Basmeih as corpora for analysis, intending to examine the respective methodologies employed in these translations. A selection of nine Quranic verses that feature the literary device known as majāz mursal within the context of the musabbab connection was selected for analysis. In order to assess the accuracy and compatibility of resource language messages with the target language, scholars commonly consult various books of tafsir and famous works on the “ulūm al-Qur’ān. These include al-Kashshāf by al-Zamakhsharī, al-Burhān by al-Zarkashī, Tafsīr al-Ṭabarī by al-Ṭabarī, al-Taḥrīr wa al-Tanwīr by Ibn’ Āshūr, al-Itqān by al-Suyūṭī, and al-Tafsīr al-Munīr by Wahbah al-Zuhailī. The present investigation has identified a translation that fails to accurately convey the intended message of the Quran, primarily due to its adherence to a literal interpretation. Therefore, it is necessary to employ alternative translation methodologies to effectively convey the intended message of the Quran to the intended audience. However, in some instances, the literary device known as majāz mursal may be translated literally if there is no ambiguity in the intended meaning of the message conveyed in the Quran.

    In their study, Ab Rahim et al. shed light on the many roles and accomplishments of the preachers who dedicated themselves to the propagation of Islam in Tanah Melayu. The researchers also examine the obstacles encountered by these individuals and delve into the ethical principles and virtues that guided their efforts. The findings of this study indicate that historical Islamic preachers exhibited a high adherence to Islamic teachings and a strong commitment to preserving the religion. Furthermore, these individuals were characterised by their virtuous ideals and exemplary moral conduct. These individuals engaged in verbal and written discourse and demonstrated bravery and resilience to actively resist the colonial powers and protect the integrity of the Islamic faith.

    Mohd Sukri et al. examine how matrimonial property is inherited and divided in cases where spouses of differing religious affiliations, specifically Muslims and non-Muslims, were previously married under civil law, focusing on Islamic principles. The research findings indicate that within the framework of divergent religious beliefs between former spouses, specific properties exist that the Muslim partner can legally assert. At the same time, other properties are not eligible for the claim of the non-Muslim partner. This study concludes that the entitlement to inheritance and nominated property is restricted to individuals who identify as Muslims, as these properties are categorised as exclusive to Muslims and cannot be claimed by non-Muslims. In contrast to inter vivos, jointly acquired property, and maintenance, excluded from the inheritance property category, non-Muslim individuals are eligible to claim such assets.

    Ismail et al. present Imam al-Qushayriyy as a prominent Sufi personality and elucidate his view of moral evolution as outlined in his renowned work, al-Risāla. The scholarly achievements of Al-Qushayriyy in the field of Sufism are widely acknowledged, particularly his significant contribution in demonstrating the compatibility of Sufi doctrines with the fundamental tenets of sharia. The literary composition known as al-Risālah is widely regarded as a remarkable opus, serving as a significant reference point for mystics in their endeavours to shape moral principles. The study’s findings indicate that al-Qushayriyy places significant stress on purifying the soul (tazkiyyat al-nafs) as a fundamental component in developing moral values. The purification of the heart encompasses various ways, including repentance, striving (mujāhada), retreat (khalwa), seclusion (‘uzla), scrupulousness (wara’), renunciation (zuhd), stillness, hunger, abandonment of carnal desire (shahwah), and recollection. These practices are stated as a means to achieve purity and spiritual growth. Simultaneously, the individual emphasised the moral dimensions encompassing patience, humility, moral rectitude, munificence, generosity, camaraderie, and safeguarding the spiritual well-being of Sufi leaders. Al-Qushayriyy elucidates these ideas by drawing from Quranic passages, hadith, and citations from companions and scholars. According to the ideas presented in the text, the mentorship and direction of Sufi masters or instructors enhance the development of morality, which is intricately related to the purification of the soul.

    In their study, Azwar et al. elucidate the significance of Islamic economics and finance in the context of renewable energy initiatives in Indonesia. The findings indicate that Islamic economics and finance have a significant role in the implementation of renewable energy initiatives in Indonesia, manifesting in many ways:

    1. Using Sharia-compliant financial instruments presents a viable avenue for financing renewable energy investments. 
    2. The utilisation of renewable energy sources has the potential to serve as a catalyst and advocate for the halal business.
    3. In the realm of religious and social dynamics, the financing of renewable energy can be facilitated by leveraging the principles of ta‘āwun (cooperation) and jāriyah (ongoing charity) through the utilisation of crowdfunding and waqf (endowment).

    To enhance the effectiveness of Sharia economics and finance in renewable energy initiatives in Indonesia, a series of measures and undertakings might be undertaken, encompassing:

    1. The endeavour to enhance the promotion of renewable energy’s superiority is being intensified.
    2. By implementing accessible and sustainable finance systems, the provision of renewable energy can be facilitated.
    3. Investigate and publish findings on renewable energy, specifically focusing on potential collaborations with other companies within the halal value chain in Indonesia.

    Soufiane and Guendouz ascertain the functional and social requisites and demands of present-day residential construction by extrapolating the performance of conventional Oasis house construction models. To attain sustainability in the tourism industry.

    In their scholarly discourse, Habib and Boukhri examine the Umayyad Caliphate after its decline. The political landscape of the Andalusian Islamic state saw a significant disruption during the fifth century AH, which aligns with the eleventh century AD. This rupture was mainly attributed to anarchy, rivalries, and sectarian strife. Perilous security breaches resulted in the fragmentation and division of the Islamic Caliphate in Andalusia into a collection of autonomous kingdoms and minor emirates. Consequently, these entities became embroiled in ongoing conflicts and skirmishes with neighbouring Christian forces. This characteristic has played a significant role in the absence of stability and peace within these regions, leading to the formation of frail governance systems that endured for an extended period. The prevailing political circumstances exerted significant pressure on their societal circumstances and scientific pursuits, both of which were experiencing a deteriorating trajectory. However, this particular circumstance evoked a sense of both nostalgic inspiration and indignation among particular academics and legal experts, like Imam Abū al-Walīd al-Bājī, a prominent personality and scholar in the region of Andalusia. He significantly advanced and revitalised scientific endeavours by establishing new frameworks to reform specific disciplines. The author’s texts were designed with the primary objective of facilitating educational endeavours. Moreover, he incorporated the reformation of Islamic jurisprudence, primarily focusing on jurists and rulers. Moreover, some of his literary works encompassed sermons and ethical guidelines for the general populace. The individual’s pursuits prompted his foray into the realm of politics, where he assumed the role of a judge within the legal profession. This position afforded him increased interaction with diverse sect leaders, providing him with opportunities to offer counsel and guidance. The individual’s endeavours in this regard entailed reconciling the leaders of various faiths and their noble figures inside the framework of Islam to consolidate their collective might to safeguard the Muslim presence in Andalusia from the impending Christian peril.

     

  • al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 5 No. 2 (2020)

    The Editorial Board is pleased to announce the release of volume 5, issue 2 (December 2020) of al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues. This publication comprises a collection of fourteen scholarly articles that delve into many aspects of Islamic theology, civilisation, linguistics and translation, education and pedagogy, psychology and spirituality, Quranic studies, Islamic law and legal matters, as well as Islamic economics.

    In his study, Muhammad Nasron Yaacob examines the approach of Ḥasan al-Bannā in the application of ithbāt or tafwīḍ methods to the characteristics of Allah in matters pertaining to khabariyyah. The present study utilised a qualitative research strategy to analyse the literary works of Ḥasan al-Bannā, focusing on his approach to faith as outlined in his writings. The individual’s three notable contributions encompass the al-‘Aqā’id pamphlet, written essays on beliefs in Al-Manār magazine, and the Allah fī al-‘Aqīdah al-Islāmiyyah booklet. The findings indicate that Ḥasan al-Bannā’s approach to employing the ithbāt technique in his written works of faith was characterised by modesty, as endorsed by the Salafiyyah movement, as opposed to the tafwīḍ method favoured by the Khalaf movement as representative of the Salaf generation’s approach.

    In the Islamic civilisation study, Nasir et al. examine the themes and forms of reference writing established by publishers of journals in Islamic studies. The education sector in Malaysia is actively engaged in publishing high-quality scientific journals. As of 2020, the MyJurnal database lists approximately 500 journals published in Malaysia. Notably, there are 107 periodicals dedicated to the topic of Islamic studies. The study’s findings revealed five primary themes pertaining to the journals, specifically, the domain of Islamic studies as a whole, the domain of Sharia, the domain of Quran and hadith, the domain of religion and thought, and the domain of Islamic history. Furthermore, it is worth noting that most journals, precisely 94 out of the total, accounting for 87.85%, have employed the American Psychological Association (APA) reference style. Conversely, the remaining 13 journals, equivalent to 12.14%, have opted for The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) as their preferred referencing style. Hence, this disclosure has the potential to assist the authors in the preparation and composition of article manuscripts. The primary criterion for accepting an article to be published in a scientific journal is the careful selection of themes and strict adherence to the format specified by the publisher.

    In their study, Shaharuddin et al. analyse the potential influence of spiritual factors on the entrepreneurial success of individuals who identify as Muslim. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology was employed in this article. The study resulted in the creation of five journal articles that examined the spiritual aspects that contributed significantly to the achievements of Muslim entrepreneurs. These articles focused on the religious practises and ideals that were implemented in the context of entrepreneurship. The present investigation revealed that individuals who believe in Allah and actively engage in religious practises experience a notable improvement in self-assurance and the development of robust characteristics, contributing to their success as entrepreneurs. The aforementioned elements of appreciation (Shukr), approval (riḍā), and reliance (tawakkul) are observed following the exertion of one’s utmost effort. 

    In the framework of linguistics, Mohd Rifain and Pa engage in a discussion over the purpose of amr (command) concerning ḥalāl food in surah al-Baqarah. There are three distinct purposes of amr, namely wājibibāḥat, and al-qudrat. As seen, the usual usage of amr involves the repetition of ibāḥat five times, followed by wājib four times, and al-qudrat only once. In summary, it is evident that the verses on amr, within the framework of ḥalāl food, encompass both literal (ḥaqīqī) and metaphorical (majāzī) meanings in surah al-Baqarah.

    Abdul Majid et al. examine the grammatical significance associated with the utilisation of Verbal Phrase Predicate (PFK) in the context of the kāna verb (KKK) within Arabic sentence structure (BA). Additionally, they comprehensively analyse the same grammatical meaning found in Malay sentence structure (BM). The present study incorporates a theoretical framework encompassing the grammatical meanings associated with using PFK for KKK inside the sentence structure of BA, as proposed by al-Sāmirrā’ī (2003). Additionally, the component analysis model developed by Nida (1975) is employed to investigate the semantic implications of KKK grammatical references. Simultaneously, the contrastive study examines the grammatical significance inherent in utilising KKK inside the BA sentence structure while also identifying the same grammatical significance within the BM sentence structure. The research revealed that the sentence structure of BA utilises the temporal aspect contained in the PFK for KKK to generate several grammatical meanings. The findings of this study further demonstrate that the suitable correspondence for the grammatical meaning within the BM sentence structure lies with the verb, encompassing aspect auxiliary verbs, variety auxiliary verbs, and adverbs.

    In the education and pedagogy field, the study conducted by Ismail et al. investigates the correlation between external variables, academic performance in assessment exams, and the gender of students in the context of Arabic writing proficiency in Malaysian Institutions of Higher Learning. A sample of 140 respondents was selected from four Malaysian Higher Learning Institutes (MHLI) for the study. The results indicated a lack of statistically significant correlation between external variables and proficiency in Arabic writing as measured by assessment examinations. Nevertheless, a statistically significant association was observed when considering the gender of the pupils. The reason for this discrepancy can be attributed to the correlation analysis conducted on the relationship between external factors and student achievement test scores (r = -0.062, n = 140, p = 0.463), as well as the correlation analysis conducted on the relationship between external factors and the gender of students (r = 0.181, n = 140, p = 0.032). This finding suggests that there was no significant association between external influences and the assessment exam in terms of their impact on Arabic writing skills. However, the study conducted by the researchers revealed that the Arabic writing skills of students in the MHLI programme can be considerably influenced by external circumstances, specifically in relation to gender.

    The ISESCO Educational Centre, known as ISESCO Malaysia, partners with the Islamic Education Department of the Ministry of Education, Malaysia, to provide a range of yearly language initiatives to enhance proficiency in Arabic among secondary school students in Malaysia. The Arabic Short Film Competition is an annual language activity offered by ISESCO Malaysia. The movies presented exhibited a discernible presence of Arabic language usage problems, notably errors stemming from the language interference phenomenon. Many students frequently make the same mistakes, mistakenly supposing that these inaccuracies are characteristic of the Arabic language. Consequently, Hasan et al. conducted a study to investigate the occurrence of the language interference effect and its underlying factors among Arabic learners in secondary schools in Malaysia. The research revealed that linguistic errors exhibited by Arabic students in Malaysian secondary schools can be attributed to the language interference effect stemming from their mother tongue. This effect manifests through literal translation, adherence to cultural norms and rules, and a limited understanding of the linguistic and cultural conventions of the Arabic language. 

    Fakhruddin and Awang conducted a study to examine the obstacles encountered by the offspring of converts in Malaysia regarding the enhancement of their religious education. The proliferation of Islamic da’wah in Malaysia has led to converting persons from diverse racial and religious backgrounds to the Islamic faith. The newly formed cohort, called converts or muallaf, requires support in pursuing Islamic education to facilitate their transformation into devout practitioners of the faith. The lack of comprehension, application, and contemplation of religious practises among these converts poses a noteworthy obstacle to the religious education of their offspring. The literature analysis reveals that the children of converts encounter several obstacles when acquiring Islamic education. These problems encompass religious factors stemming from parents who possess little knowledge of the fundamentals and are illiterate, as well as economic constraints and familial circumstances. This study proposes that the relevant organisations should prioritise Islamic education for the children of converts. This emphasis is intended to enhance their moral character and prevent potential negative influences from undermining their religious beliefs.

    In the psychology and spirituality section, Wazir et al. examine the Islamic psychospiritual module developed by al-Ghazālī as a preventive measure against drug use and addiction among vulnerable populations. Al-Ghazālī emerged as a highly notable and influential figure in Islamic scholarship, having authored a substantial body of work that has since attained significant recognition and utility within Islamic studies. Risk group prevention entails implementing strategies to mitigate risk factors and enhancing the presence of protective factors within the targeted group. The study’s results suggest that the psychospiritual approaches within Islamic teachings, as explored by al-Ghazālī, encompass several protective characteristics such as religious conviction, resilience, self-worth, thankfulness, optimism, self-sufficiency, existential meaning, and compassion. Hence, the exploration of drug addiction from the perspective of the Islamic psychospiritual approach is a feasible alternative.

    Wazir et al. also examine the components of ‘aqīdah understanding that can foster resilience among young individuals and contribute to the effectiveness of drug prevention efforts. The concept of ‘aqīdah serves as the fundamental basis for the religion of Muslims, establishing a crucial connection between them and Allah. Upon being sent as an apostle, the Messenger of Allah’s primary objective was to rectify the deviated beliefs prevalent among the Arab population. The practise of Islamic religious education in schools has existed for some time. However, there is a concern with the level of comprehension and awareness among young individuals about aqidah values. The aforementioned circumstances have resulted in a multitude of challenges and concerns within the community. When examining matters pertaining to the younger generation, drug addiction emerges as a significant concern frequently deliberated over. The increasing prevalence of new and repeated teenage drug addiction over time is a cause for concern, despite implementing different measures and strategies to address this problem. When considering the challenges related to drug issues, it is imperative to recognise the significance of comprehending parts of aqidah in fostering resilience among young individuals. The presence of robust resilience is seen as a protective element against the development of drug addiction. The results indicate that the components of ‘aqīdah comprehension, namely understanding, emotions, and behaviours, encompass various protective factors such as trust, hope, supervision, the notion of retribution, obedience, pleasure, gratitude, appreciation, love, perseverance, self-control, and resilience. These values play a significant role in enhancing individual resilience. Hence, it is imperative to incorporate aqidah knowledge into the drug prevention plan and allocate due attention from relevant stakeholders to enhance the efficacy of drug prevention endeavours inside the nation.

    The Quran serves as the principal source of guidance for Muslims in their everyday existence. The text refers to a sacred scripture consistently studied, observed, and occasionally passed down through generations. Muslim individuals engage in the practise of reading the Quran under the tutelage of their instructors in order to acquire an authoritative method of recitation. The transmission of the Quran from one generation to another is widely recognised as occurring through recitation learning, known explicitly as talaqqī, which involves the instructor and student engaging in the practise of mushāfaḥah or reciting the text orally and directly. Regrettably, contemporary culture lacks a comprehensive understanding and awareness of the principle of al-Taḥammul wa al-Adā’ (reception and practising) in the context of Quranic recitation inheritance. Al-Taḥammul refers to the cognitive process of acquiring and assimilating knowledge, whereas al-Adā’ pertains to the practical application and implementation of acquired knowledge. In their study, Mohamad et al. examine the utilisation of al-Taḥammul wa al-Adā’ within the context of qurrā’ (individuals responsible for reciting the Quran) and underscore its significance. The study’s results indicate that the al-Taḥammul wa al-Adā’ application serves various crucial objectives, including establishing a connection between sanad, preventing tadlīs or deviations from sanad, and providing a means for recording and referencing reasons. The study’s findings have significant ramifications for informing the community about the understanding of al-Taḥammul wa al-Adā’ in the inheritance of Quran reciting.

    Barati and Abbasi analyse the eighteenth chapter of the Holy Quran, known as al-Kahf (The Cave), employing psychoanalytic studies and Lacanian theories. Their objective is to examine the mystical encounter undergone by the Men of the Cave, focusing on their ultimate attainment of jouissance. Jacques Lacan’s seminal work in psychoanalysis encompasses the introduction of three distinct orders that serve as comprehensive frameworks for describing various psychoanalytic phenomena. The three orders under consideration are the imagined, the symbolic, and the real. The concept of the imaginary refers to the cognitive framework through which an individual perceives and appropriates many aspects of their surroundings as personal and subjective. In the context of the subject, no discernible differentiation exists between the other entities and the subject itself. Within the framework of the symbolic order, the subject becomes cognizant of a distinct disparity between themselves and the other individual. The individual thereafter experiences a sense of deficiency that the subject endeavours to address over the entirety of their lifespan. The genuine concept holds significant importance as it signifies the pivotal stage at which the subject detaches itself from the symbolic realm and endeavours to reestablish the unity it formerly possessed in the realm of the imagined. During this particular stage, the individual undergoes an experience commonly referred to as jouissance, which can be understood as the phenomenon of deriving pleasure from suffering. 

    In Islamic law and legal scholarly work, Muhammad Serji et al. examine the concept of iḥyā’ al-mawāt and its significance within the framework of Malaysian land law. Iḥyā’ al-mawāt is a procedure within Islamic jurisprudence pertaining to acquiring specific land. Individuals engaged in the process of land clearance and subsequent cultivation have a legitimate entitlement to ownership. The practise of land ownership through iḥyā’ al-mawāt was observed in Tanah Melayu before British colonial rule. During the colonial period, the Torrens system was adopted as a land system. The Torrens system is a land administration system that emphasises the importance of registration for establishing legitimate land ownership, contrasting the principle of iḥyā’ al-mawāt. The application of this principle was facilitated by implementing the National Land Code. This study utilises the content analysis approach to examine the court case and statute, concluding that iḥyā’ al-mawāt is not acknowledged within the framework of Malaysian land law. Moreover, it violates section 425 of the National Land Code.

    The management mechanism of productive waqf was defined by Patahuddin et al. through an analysis of jurisprudence, the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), and Law Number 4 of 2004 concerning waqf. Furthermore, this study aims to elucidate how welfare distribution (al-falāḥ) is allocated through several productive waqf initiatives. This study utilises primary and secondary data from the Indonesian National Charity Foundation (YAKIN) in the region of South Sulawesi. The findings of this study indicate that the management of productive waqf has been effectively implemented through a collaborative system between YAKIN and Nāẓir, who has extensive experience and expertise in developing various programme models. Productive waqf management can be categorised into two distinct types, notably waqf khairy within educational programmes and cash waqf in the context of rice management initiatives, business support, and capital investment. The cash waqf collection mechanism employs fundraising activities, including family members, colleagues, and social media networks. Examining legal precedents regarding productive waqf traverses the realms of sharī‘ah and the compilation of Islamic law. Nevertheless, the enactment of Law Number 4 of 2004 of waqf fails to meet the stipulated criteria for the financial waqf commitment. The present study further demonstrates that the categorisation of al-falāḥ in the context of productive waqf encompasses socio-religious dimensions, including providing funds for educational expenses, creating mosques, and promoting Islamic principles and beliefs.

     

  • al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020)

    The Editorial Board is pleased to announce the release of volume 5, issue 1 (June 2020) of al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues. This publication comprises a collection of thirteen scholarly papers that delve into many aspects of Islamic civilisation, languages and translation, theology, history, family issues, Quranic studies, ethics, and spirituality.

    Autism is a neurodevelopmental illness that impacts an individual’s ability to communicate, engage in social interactions, and exhibit repetitive and stereotyped behaviour patterns. Individuals with this particular psychological profile exhibit a proclivity towards displaying compulsive preoccupations, a notable absence of empathetic tendencies, and a deficiency in moral reasoning. Prior instances in Western nations have demonstrated that certain individuals have been implicated in grave criminal acts, including homicide, arson, indiscriminate gunfire, cybercrime, and sexual assaults. In Malaysia, there has been a notable rise in the prevalence of autism, with a ratio of 1 in 68 individuals being classified as neurotypical or mentally healthy. This has consequently prompted the need to address the distinct legal rights of those with autism who may become involved in criminal activities. In the context of detaining and interrogating mentally sound individuals, it is noteworthy that the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is uniformly employed, regardless of whether the individual in question has autism or not. Implementing the SOP ultimately gave rise to various issues, responses, and inquiries regarding the measure’s legitimacy and the legal entitlements of individuals with autism. Therefore, the authors Mohd Kusrin et al. conduct an analysis on the nature of autism that is associated with criminal behaviour, emphasising the necessity of developing standardised SOP for the apprehension and questioning of individuals diagnosed with autism. The discussion reveals the necessity of developing an SOP for the custody and interrogation of individuals with autism to protect their criminal legal rights.

    Ahmed Shehab conducts an analysis and evaluation of the national measures implemented to safeguard the rights of children. This study focuses on the pivotal role played by the media and national non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in safeguarding children’s rights. The research issue arises from Palestine’s ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the imperative to effectively enforce the Convention’s provisions, which entails establishing domestic systems for safeguarding children’s rights. The findings of the study highlight several key outcomes. Firstly, it emphasises that states that have ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child are responsible for implementing the Convention and must fulfil their obligations under it. Furthermore, this responsibility extends beyond mere compliance and necessitates establishing domestic mechanisms to safeguard children’s rights. To effectively accomplish their intended objectives, mechanisms must be accompanied by the provision of legal and political assurances.

    The field of translation studies has experienced growing popularity among scholars and academics. Nevertheless, there has been a lack of substantial focus on the procedures employed for translating iltifāt components, despite their acknowledged impact on comprehending a particular text. The perceived complexity and difficulty in interpreting iltifāt are attributed to the perspectives of numerous experts. Nevertheless, there is a need for enhancement in its translation procedures to mitigate potential confusion among the readers of the target text. Therefore, Kamal and Hussin conducted a comprehensive literature review to analyse the translation of iltifāt components. They aimed to synthesise existing research and uncover novel areas for further investigation. The findings indicate that prior research predominantly concentrates on the textual body of the sacred scripture, namely the Quran, with a specific emphasis on iltifāt ḍamīr (reference switching) and the corresponding tactics employed in its English translation. The study’s results also indicate that implementing effective translation procedures can effectively address the challenges identified in prior research. Hence, it is imperative to prioritise future research in Arabic-Malay translation, focusing on developing translation procedures that ensure equivalence in handling iltifāt ḍamīr components.

    In their study, Abdul Manaf et al. analyse the most precise corresponding function of the verb تـَفـَاعَـلَ (tafā‘ala) in surah al-Baqarah. The authors examine the process of accurately translating Malay Arabic texts, explicitly focusing on the proper translation of verbs when the prefix ت (ta’) is affixed to them and the insertion of ا (alif) after the first letter of the root word. To achieve this purpose, five study samples were extracted from Surah al-Baqarah. The results indicated that the four samples were accurately translated when analysed using the derivation translation function and the addition of the suffix tafā’ala. Simultaneously, an alternative translation was proposed for the second sample. Additionally, all affixes included in the provided samples are intended to convey the meaning of “المشاركة” (al-mushārakah). In summary, the effectiveness of translation is contingent upon its accurate rendition. Nevertheless, a slight alteration is implemented to enhance the fluency of the translation within the given verse’s context.

    The practise of abstaining from slaughtering and consuming cows within the Hindu community is widely recognised. The cow’s significance in Hinduism is examined by Senin et al. through an analysis of previous scholarly writing on the subject. This study utilises the content analysis methodology employing a Systematic Literature Review. The articles have been sourced from the Scopus and Dimensions databases. Sixteen articles undergo a systematic process involving identification, evaluation, and assessment of eligibility. The present study undertakes a thorough review of the elements contributing to the adoration of cows within the context of Hinduism. This study identified three prominent factors: religion, economy, and politics. During the initial stage, the devotion of cows mainly pertains to religious matters since it is influenced by the ahimsa ideal that originated in Jainism. During the subsequent stage, the emphasis shifts towards an economic consideration, whereby cows are safeguarded rather than slaughtered for the betterment of humanity. In contemporary times, the adoration of cows has been closely intertwined with political considerations, primarily serving as a means to safeguard the Hindu community's existing social and cultural order.

    Miskawayh holds a significant position in the advancement of Islamic ethical theory. The integration of Greek philosophy and Islamic knowledge that he formulated during the Middle Ages is widely regarded as a noteworthy advancement in the development of Islamic ethical philosophy. While there have been numerous accounts of Miskawayh’s biography, this study aims to provide a comprehensive biographical narrative that examines the various phases of his life and the changes he experienced—consequently, Abd. Rahman and Ismail engage in scholarly discourse about the biography of Miskawayh. The life of Miskawayh can be comprehensively examined using a biographical narrative analysis, which reveals the presence of four significant phases in his journey. During the initial stage, which encompassed the first two decades of his life, the individual acquired fundamental Islamic knowledge and studied chemistry. The second phase occurred from 956 AD to 963 AD in the city of Baghdad. He actively engaged in philosophical discourse and grappled with ethical dilemmas during that particular time frame. In 963 AD, the third chapter of his scholarly journey took place in Rayy, Iran. During this period, he devoted his efforts to studying several subjects related to writing and pedagogy. The fourth phase of the individual’s life spanned from 976 AD to 1030 AD, commencing at the age of 44 and concluding with their demise at 96 in Iṣfahān, Iran. During this phase, the individual in question engaged in the production of philosophical literature and dedicated efforts towards enhancing and developing ethical principles. Miskawayh’s extensive knowledge and wide-ranging experience have rendered his works on ethics highly influential, particularly his renowned masterpiece, Tahdhīb al-Akhlāq. This seminal work has garnered significant attention from both Islamic and Western scholars in contemporary times.

    Conflict is an inherent and inescapable state integral to a home's dynamics, particularly in the context of a polygamous arrangement. Therefore, Abd. Majid et al. examine the various elements contributing to home conflict and propose a practical management approach. The data analysis findings indicate that conflict within interpersonal relationships can be attributed to several internal variables, including clandestine marriage, absence of empathy, feelings of envy, and miscommunication. On the other hand, the external elements encompass disregarding duty, the challenge of adapting, and the absence of effective communication. Several strategies have been employed to address and mitigate this conflict effectively. These include engaging in constructive dialogues, demonstrating acts of generosity, fostering an environment of tolerance, displaying care and concern for one another, expressing appreciation, practising patience, accepting the divine decree of Allah, safeguarding the honour of the home, and minimising involvement in trivial social engagements. The discovery presented herein can serve as a valuable resource for effectively informing strategies and interventions to manage disputes within polygamous households.

    Completing the Islamic Pre-Marriage Course is a mandatory component of the marriage application process for Muslim women intending to marry in Malaysia. This course aims to impart a fundamental understanding of the life dynamics relevant to individuals who are soon to be married. Unfortunately, the deaf community is currently unable to participate in this course because of the absence of a dedicated course provided by the state Islamic department specifically tailored to their needs. Therefore, a portion of individuals participated in a pre-marriage course that was arranged for a standard cohort. In their analysis, Mohd Kusrin and Sha’ari examine the execution of the present pre-marriage course, which includes the involvement of individuals with hearing impairments. The authors also explore the obstacles faced by both deaf individuals and sign language interpreters during the course sessions. The study's findings indicate a deficiency in the structured organisation of the Islamic pre-marriage course for individuals with hearing impairments. Additionally, the methodology employed for delivering lectures follows a conventional group-based approach. Furthermore, the sign language interpreter faces challenges in effectively conveying the lecture content to deaf individuals. The implications derived from the aforementioned discussion highlight the significance of implementing an Islamic pre-marital course specifically tailored for individuals with disabilities. This course aims to provide them with a comprehensive understanding of the pre-marriage knowledge typically accessible to individuals without disabilities.

    Sexual harassment refers to the perpetration of sexually oriented behaviours, encompassing verbal, non-verbal, physical, or emotional actions directed at another individual. Sexual harassment can potentially be experienced by adolescent females, irrespective of their location, be it within the confines of their residence or in external environments. Therefore, the study conducted by Mohd Salleh et al. aims to investigate the magnitude of the risk of domestic sexual harassment faced by adolescent females within the confines of their own homes. This study involved the participation of 84 female individuals, aged nine to fifteen, residing in Selangor. Prior to their involvement, consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians. This survey revealed that 7.14% of the participants acknowledged a preference for wearing provocative attire within the confines of their residence and engaging in the consumption of pornographic material alongside immediate male relatives, including fathers, brothers, uncles, and grandfathers. The study’s results indicated that participants reported instances of sexual harassment perpetrated by their family members when they failed to adhere to Islamic norms and were excessively exposed to unrestricted information technology resources. The study’s results also indicated that inadequate maintenance of the family well-being mechanism could lead to harmful conditions for adolescent females within their homes. The findings of this study indicate the potential for creating a mobile application designed to detect early indicators of sexual harassment targeting adolescent females.

    The preservation of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah (Objectives of Divine Law) is a crucial objective of the Quran in human existence. Scholars have determined that maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah serves as a primary impetus for the revelation of the Quran, intending to actualise the well-being of the entire Muslim community. To effectively serve the community, global leaders must prioritise cultivating a harmonious society by transcending divisions based on religion, race, and skin colour. In addition, Usman and Abdul Kadir critically examine the discourse around maqāṣid al-Qur’ān, which refers to the purposes of the Quran as articulated by Islamic scholars throughout history, including both classical and current perspectives. The researchers discovered that the maqāṣid al-Qur’ān entails a directive to surrender oneself to the concept of the Oneness of Allah, which serves as the fundamental tenet. The objectives' primary focus will be on aqīdah (creed), regulations, and narratives found throughout the Quran. Furthermore, several endeavours can be undertaken to foster the integration of the Quran into one’s life by comprehending the maqāṣid al-Qur’ān. These efforts encompass engaging in activities such as reading, memorising, comprehending, and implementing its teachings. The Quran was revealed to safeguard the welfare of individuals, both in their present existence and in the afterlife.

    As outlined in the Quran, the establishment of a sustainable nation represents an Islamic paradigm that is explicitly articulated within the sacred text. The model is founded upon the conceptualisation of Islamic principles, which embrace a preservation approach to the Islamic sharī‘ah (order) and implement the nation’s growth by the rules outlined in the Quran and Sunnah. Many nations that excel in diverse domains overlook the need for a harmonious equilibrium between physical and spiritual growth. This scenario exclusively promotes the pursuit of materialistic success while neglecting holistic growth. Consequently, Abdullah and Rozani provided a detailed analysis of the defining attributes of a Balda Ṭayyiba Wa Rabb Ghafūr state, which served as the central pillar of historical Islamic empires. This study elucidated the necessity of Islamic governance in the nation of Balda Ṭayyiba Wa Rabb Ghafūr, encompassing several dimensions such as political governance, a comprehensive Rabbānī (divine) education system, an equitable economic framework, and an environmentally sustainable approach. A nation’s civilisational greatness can be reinstated through a comprehensive comprehension of the Balda Ṭayyiba principle and its inherent characteristics. Therefore, the welfare of a nation is contingent upon factors such as political stability, a comprehensive educational framework, an equitable economic structure, and an environmentally viable ecosystem.

    The Islamic civilisation facilitated the transmission of medical knowledge to the Western world through the notable figure of Rhazes, a doctor in the profession. However, his unorthodox views on prophetic notions led to his classification as al-mulḥid, or one who deviates from accepted religious beliefs. The physician originated from Al-Rayy in 250 H/864 AD. As the author of al-Ḥāwī Fī al-Ṭibb, he expressed dissatisfaction with the approach to treating human ailments that just relied on techniques or specialised treatment procedures. Instead, he sought to achieve a comprehensive and satisfactory approach. The individual believed medication administration necessitated a moral framework wherein physicians should diligently prioritise their patients' well-being. Consequently, Al-Rāzī decided to undertake a commendable endeavour by authoring a diligent manuscript titled Akhlāq al-Ṭabīb, intended as a didactic work for his pupils. Therefore, Istianah provides a concise analysis of the fundamental basis of al-Rāzī’s ideas, which gave rise to the ethical notion of physicians in a historical period predating the development of medical ethics. This study demonstrates that al-Rāzī encompassed both the theocentric and anthropocentric paradigms, which were simultaneously present in his work. Consequently, the epistemological foundations of al-Rāzī’s ideas were rooted in religion, science, and philosophy. Al-Rāzī’s book provides a comprehensive exploration of the moral foundations of medical practitioners, specifically about the concept of tawakkul (reliance on God) and the cultivation of good character towards impoverished individuals afflicted with illnesses. By integrating scientific, philosophical, and religious perspectives, al-Rāzī’s work surpasses contemporary legal norms, establishing a moral framework that predates and surpasses existing standards in the present era.

    Syeikh Abū Ṭālib al-Makkī was a highly esteemed Islamic scholar renowned for his expertise in the field of Sufism in the Islamic community. The literary contribution known as Qūt al-Qulūb holds substantial scholarly value as a prominent point of reference for both historical and contemporary sages. The notion presented in Maqamāt al-Aḥwāl is frequently employed by numerous Islamic scholars as a framework and rehabilitative guidance for various afflictions that impact the human psyche. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disorders (DSM-5), paedophilia is classified as a mental disorder. Some specialists believe that individuals with paedophilic tendencies may exhibit signs of mental illness. Usman et al. examine the application of maqām al-ṣabr (stage of patience), as described by al-Makkī, within the context of psychotherapy for rehabilitating individuals with paedophilic tendencies. The present study has identified maqām al-ṣabr as a pivotal factor in the process of rehabilitation from paedophilia. This article aims to combine the patience stage with rehabilitation psychotherapy components to create an efficient treatment module for rehabilitating individuals with paedophilia in Malaysia.

     

  • al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 4 No. 2 (2019)

    The Editorial Board is delighted to announce volume 4, issue 2 (December 2019) of al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues. This issue includes seven articles on Islamic education and teaching, family issues, linguistics and translation, Islamic thought, and Quranic studies.

    Ismail et al. examine the degree of religious observance among students at Malaysian Islamic Institutes of Higher Education (IPTI). This quantitative study utilised a cross-sectional survey by administering the Muslim Religiosity Personality Inventory (MRPI) (2011) questionnaire to students from four IPTI. UIAM (West), USIM (South), UniSHAMS (North), and KUIPSAS (East) were the zone-based methodologies utilised in the selection process. The findings indicate that pupils have an extensive understanding of Islamic values and a robust religious personality. This study is thus a foundation for establishing a specific paradigm for the development of religious life so that periodic empowerment can be conducted under the supervision of the university.

    Abd. Majid et al. detail the primary influences on adolescent sexual transgression, which has resulted in premarital pregnancies. A method of semi-structured interviews with an administrator, a superintendent from the Selangor Rehabilitation Centre, and four adolescents involved in sexual misconduct yielded the results. According to the findings, the leading causes of teenage sexual misconduct are as follows: love, voluntarily acting, rape, pornographic film and video, family institution weakness, family conflict, ignorance, weak religious practise, peer influence, drug addiction, and illegal racing participation. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will aid all parties in addressing the issue of sexual misconduct and unwed teen pregnancies in this country.

    Awang et al. investigate the degree to which Muslim women employees at Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) and Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM) are conscious of their rights and responsibilities within their families and careers. The objective is to ensure that Muslim women employees better understand their rights and responsibilities to balance their careers and families. This study found that Muslim women employees at UNITEN and UPNM strongly understand their rights and responsibilities towards their families and careers. Nonetheless, it is necessary to address several significant aspects of women employees’ awareness of the provisions of the law and policies about women.

    Nonverbal communication skills (NVC) are the foundation of effective teaching and facilitation processes among instructors, according to Norul’Azmi and Zakaria. Due to the advancement of information technology and its impact on educational practises, teachers must also master implementing this communication via the online platform. The results revealed some problems with NVC practice in Arabic language instruction and online process facilitation. Despite their knowledge of the subject matter, the issue of NVC practice among instructors during the teaching process in traditional or online classrooms persists. Inadequacies in verbal communication practice and external factors such as burden and technology support are examples.

    In their article titled “The Translation of Mutashābihāt Verses (Anthropomorphism): An Analysis on the Procedure of Explicitation,” Abdullah et al. examine how the Quran’s mutashābihāt verses are explained and how they relate to the translators’ ideas. This research adopted a qualitative methodology that led to an analysis of the Quran’s textual content, which is elaborated descriptively by selecting three (3) Allah-related words from the Quran’s text as the study’s sample, namely يد, استوى and أعين. The corpus texts utilised are the translations of the Quran into Malay by Abdullah Basmeih, Mahmud Yunus, and Zaini Dahlan. The findings revealed that the translation of the mutashābihāt verses made use of various forms of explicitation, such as lexical specification, the addition of explanatory remarks, and additional information in brackets and footnotes, to improve the target readers’ comprehension of the Quran’s meaning. In addition, research revealed that Mahmud Yunus and Zaini Dahlan retained the literal meaning of translated mutashābihāt verses without providing an esoteric interpretation of the Quran and were occasionally influenced by the ideology of al-Ta’wīl. In translating the verses, Abdullah Basmeih was more susceptible to the ideologies of al-Ta’wīl and al-Ithbāt bi Ḍawābiṭ.

    Aini and Sabri discuss the impact of Christianity on the Orang Asli in Perak by concentrating on the manifestations of the Christianization movement. This study employed semi-structured in-depth interviews with six research participants, including a religious officer from the Dakwah Division of Jabatan Agama Islam Perak, Penggerak Masyarakat Orang Asli (PMOA), Muslim preachers, and apostate Orang Asli. The study reveals that the Christianization movement occurs via non-aggressive proselytising and entertainment, humanitarian aid, the dissemination of love messages, and leadership caderization programmes. Thus, this study suggests that a concerted effort should be made to enhance the missionary method among Muslim preachers to teach the Orang Asli how to practise Islam’s teachings.

    Abu Bakar et al. disclose the evolution of thematic exegesis (al-tafsīr al-mawḍū'ī) in Malaysia from the 1940s to the beginning of the 20th century. The results indicated that the pattern of Quranic tafsir in Malaysia began with the translation of exegetes’ original works. Then, a comprehensive interpretation was produced; al-tafsīr al-taḥlīlī and al-mawḍū'ī were the predominant interpretive styles. The development of thematic exegesis revealed the significance of the 20th century. In addition to the lafaz (metonym) and sūrah (chapter), topic-based writing became thematic’s preferred method of composition in Malaysia. The life of the Prophet, faith, the economy, the family, and ‘ibādah (the act of worship) were among the topics studied. Consequently, this study revealed significant developments in thematic exegesis in Malaysia, highlighting the need for this type of exegesis in society. This study provided Malaysian researchers with new information regarding general exegesis and thematic exegesis.

  • al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 4 No. 1 (2019)

    The Editorial Board is delighted to announce volume 4, issue 1 (June 2019) of al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues. This issue contains five articles on Quranic Sciences, Islamic da‘wah, linguistics and translation, Islamic thought, and hadith studies.

    Usman and Ahmad, in their paper titled "The Concept of Clairvoyance from the Quran: Thematic Analysis in Exegetes Discourse," emphasise the Quran as the divine word of Allah, which contains guidance and discloses answers to a variety of human problems. Currently, Islamic clairvoyance (firāsat) is a target of ideological disorder, particularly among Muslims. This concept, if misunderstood, could cause injury to the pure faith and disrupt the harmony of interaction within the Islamic community. Therefore, their article focuses on the perspectives of Quranic Exegetes and the implications of their incorrect interpretation of this concept. Several verses in the Quran discuss clairvoyance, either directly or indirectly. Primarily, describe how natural clairvoyance reflects on Muslims who have complete faith in Allah. The clairvoyance of a believer is comprised of cautions from Allah to His servants.

    Aini et al., in their article titled "Persuasive Strategies Used by Muslim Preachers in Delivering Islamic Messages to the Orang Asli Community in Selangor," discuss the persuasive strategies used by Muslim preachers when delivering Islamic messages to the Orang Asli community. Aini et al. investigate the communication process involved in conveying da‘wah messages to the community of indigenous peoples (Orang Asli), which requires continuous da‘wah efforts to influence positive changes in the practise and appreciation of Islamic teachings. Their article identifies the persuasive strategies employed by Muslim preachers when communicating da‘wah to the indigenous population of Selangor. The study discovered that the preachers' persuasive strategies for communicating da‘wah included the authority of preachers through appointment and cooperation with Islamic institutions, the credibility of preachers, including knowledge, intentional preaching, spiritual practises, and noble character, and the application of changes encompassing cognitive, behavioural, and emotional aspects. Therefore, as a strategy for communicating da‘wah within the community of indigenous people, the proponent approach can influence Islamic teachings' cognition, appreciation, and practise.

    Abdullah and Abd. Rahman, in their article titled "Euphemism in the Malay Translation of Quranic Discourse: A Pragmatic Analysis," analyse the euphemisms found in the Malay translation of the Quran's text. Even though both of the translated texts corresponded to the semantic meaning, they did not always adhere to the decorum principle. As a consequence, a dysphemism is introduced into the translated text. It was determined that the use of direct terms such as (mati), which refers to the Prophet, (haid), (mandul), and (janda) in the translation text had no parallel in Leech's Politeness Principles. Consequently, their research recommended that the text of the Malay translation of the Quran be revised so that the selection of words conforms to the civility principle.

    Danladi and Sule, in their paper titled "Islam and Ethnicity: The Case Study of the Ombatse Crisis 2011–2015 in Nasarawa State, Nigeria," describe the activities of the Ombatse cult group and the violent conflicts that erupted as a result of these activities, which occurred in parts of Nasarawa State between 2011 and 2015. As Islam promotes peaceful coexistence among or between Muslims and non-Muslims, as well as coexistence among other ethnic nationalities, and as Islam prohibits ethnicity and nationalism, they discovered that peace is one of the most important instruments for the development of any society. Consequently, the paper disclosed that the major participants in the crisis were predominantly Muslim youths from ethnic groups engaged in violent conflict. Their study concludes that some Muslims, ignorant of the fundamental tenets of Islam, were readily brainwashed to favour their ethnic identity over Islam. The Ombatse mobilised support along racial lines to achieve the clandestine political goals of the cult's founders.

    Finally, Syed Abdul Majid Ghouri, in his paper titled "Sheikh Abul Hassan Ali Hassani Nadwi and His Contributions to The Sciences of Prophetic Hadith: A Concise Expository Study," made contributions to hadith studies. His paper covers four subjects. First, a concise biography of Sheikh Nadawi and his academic accomplishments are provided. Second is his commitment to researching and teaching the Hadith of the Prophet. The third has to do with his ijaza in Hadith. The final section reveals his written contributions to Hadith and its sciences. The conclusion of the document provides a summary of the most significant findings. Sheikh Nadwi was a famous scholar among Muslims in this century; he received ijaza from great Hadith scholars of his time; great scholars sought ijaza from him; and he served the cause of the science of Hadith by teaching, authoring, and writing forwards for Hadith resources.

     

  • al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 3 No. 2 (2018)

    The Editorial Board of al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues is pleased to announce its volume 3, issue 2 (December 2018). This issue contains six articles on Quranic Sciences, Islamic law, Islamic politics, and Islamic thought.

    Zainal Abidin and Mazlan Ibrahim, in their paper "Comparative Analysis on Hermeneutic and Tafsīr Bi Al-Ra'y in Quranic Exegesis," emphasise hermeneutics as a method for interpreting the Quran. Ḥasan Ḥanafi, a controversial Muslim scholar, was the first to introduce it. Other Muslim scholars, such as Fazlur Raḥmān, Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū Zayd, and Muḥammad Arkoun, continue his work. Hermeneutics is comparable to Tafsīr bi Al-Ra'y, which interprets the Quran using unadulterated reason and logic. To a certain extent, however, hermeneutics differs substantially from the concept of Tafsīr bi Al-Ra'y, leading many Muslim scholars to reject hermeneutics as a means of interpreting the Quran.

    In their article titled "Religion and Relationship Transformational Processes in Marriage," Baharudin et al. investigate the relationship between religion and transformational processes in marriage. When an issue or conflict arises, transformational processes occur in marriage relationships that do not require outside or professional intervention. Their findings indicate that particular Islamic religious beliefs and practises are associated with the maintenance of marriage. The findings highlight the significance of incorporating naqli and 'aqli knowledge into a marital counselling approach in order to support the client's requirements.

    Alsuwaidi and Rosman, in their article titled "The Case Management System and Alternative Methods of Dispute Resolution in Islamic Shariah and Law," identify reconciliation, mediation, and adjudication as the alternative methods of dispute resolution in Islamic Sharia. It also gives information about the case management system in modern judicial systems and how it is used in practise. This is done through a comparative study, showing the system's goals and when it started, evaluating the system by showing its pros and cons, naming the main problems it faces, and comparing the case management system in the law to the other ways to settle disputes in the Islamic sharia.

    In their paper titled "Judicial Control of Administrative Decisions in Islamic Shariah and Law," Alzaabi and Marni identify injustices in the Islamic era in terms of origin, evidence of the legality of dismissal in People's grievances, and appointment conditions. The Ombudsperson and the Ombudsperson's powers illuminate the system of judicial control over administrative decisions in terms of definition, characteristics, advantages, jurisdictions, methods of judicial control, and their manifestations and safeguards.

    In their paper titled "Procedural and Objective Provisions for Palestine's Accession to International Treaties," Shehab and Marni argued that international treaties are among the most significant sources of international law. In recent years, the international community has shown a heightened interest in developing the international legal system through the enactment of treaties and the establishment of international commissions, bodies, and non-governmental organisations. A series of international treaties and their obligations and responsibilities at the international and national levels now bound the state rather than the national Constitution and domestic laws. To ensure the validity of these procedures, the treaty requires the parties to regulate the procedures for accession to treaties within the national legal system and to determine the legal value of the international treaty in national law and the mechanism of integration and harmonisation, either through an independent law or by including language in the Constitution regarding the validity of the signing and ratification of treaties. There is no doubt that the legal position in Palestinian law regarding the procedural and substantive provisions of international treaties and their application to the legal system is ambiguous when compared to other laws that deal exclusively with the legal organisation of international treaties. Consequently, the objective of their research is to distinguish between the procedural and substantive provisions of the accession to international treaties and their applications in the State of Palestine, including the identification of the competent authority to sign the Convention, the mechanism for its ratification, and the legal weight accorded to the international treaty in Palestinian law.

    Finally, Muh. Naim Madjid, in his paper titled "The Importance of Integration of ‘Aqlī and Naqlī Knowledge in Academic Research and Studies," made a contribution to Islamic thought. His research employs ‘Aqlī and Naqlī as the preferred methods in research and academic pursuits. He believes that the issue with research stems from the problem that Muslim researchers face today, particularly in the field of the humanities, where they have produced research and studies devoid of religious essence (Islamic values). Due to the infinite intellectual invasion of Westerners and Orientalists, these are not denied. This grave issue leads to the erroneous selection and application of the proper method for revealing the knowledge treasures, the concealed sciences, and their priceless treasures. The conclusion of his study is that the integration approach of ‘Aqlī and Naqlī science is a true and accurate guide in the disciplines of research and academic studies, and it can be a potent weapon in repelling the attacks and accusations faced by the Muslim generation today.

     

  • al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 3 No. 1 (2018)

    The Editorial Board of al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues is pleased to announce this Islam-focused volume 3, issue 1 (June 2018). This issue contains five articles on Islamic philosophy, ethics, and politics.

    Abd Rahman et al., in their paper titled "The Understanding of Klang Valley Muslim Students on the Concept of Religious Freedom in Malaysia," highlight apostasy as a religious freedom issue in Malaysia. They discovered that Muslim pupils in the Klang Valley of Malaysia have a strong understanding of religious liberty. This finding indicates that Muslim students continue to understand the concept as it was enshrined in the National Constitution and Islamic principles, despite the fact that there are numerous issues concerning religious freedom and various demands from NGOs promoting a new and liberal concept of religious freedom.

    In their paper "A Preliminary Study on Love for Knowledge and the Excellent Ummah Personality among Muslim Students," Ismail et al. argued that higher education institutions must be prepared to produce graduates who can face the challenges of the industrial revolution by transforming the curriculum's core and teaching and learning methods. As the industrial revolution maximises technology utilisation while decreasing human capital, it has both positive and negative consequences. Human capital, which can shape the industrial revolution, is therefore crucial. This can be accomplished by cultivating human capital with a passion for learning and an exceptional ummah personality. Therefore, they concluded that knowledge should be united with the personalities of the superb ummah, since individuals with these best personalities and strong faith can encourage others to perform good deeds and prevent wrongdoing. As a result, human capital that is more self-assured, well-balanced, and perceptive is developed to meet the needs of the future society.

    Mohd Salleh et al. presented the third paper on Islamic thought in their paper titled "The Liberalism Historiography in Western Society." This study describes the history of liberal thought. It dates back to ancient Rome and evolved through the Renaissance and postmodern eras. This study also discusses the impact of alterations to the Bible, feudal autonomy, and church dominance on the development of liberalism in Western society. The evolution of liberalism in Western culture places humans at the centre of the decision-making process. A way of reasoning that rejects religion and its rules in the decision-making and evaluation of particular actions The Western world recognises liberalism as a principle of progress that must be maintained. Liberalism liberates those who desire to be prosperous and progressive in order to dominate the world from the ties and norms of religion, which it views as the opium of society. The fundamental concept underlying the construction of modern Western civilization is the renunciation of faith in life. In conclusion, they discovered that liberalism, the credo of Western society, has become the preferred ideology of many Muslims in Malaysia. This development is characterised by the emergence of a viewpoint that rejects the role of Shariah rulings in daily life, such as the hijab, males as the imam (leader) for prayers, marital guardianship, and inheritance, among others. The adoption of Western liberalism by Muslim society is inappropriate, given that Islam is the religion that liberates humans from subjugation and places high value on the individual and humanity itself.

    Amir Hayat contributed to Islamic principles with his paper titled "Promoting Behaviour-based Safety with Islamic Principles." According to him, occupational safety and health concern the physical, mental, and social health and safety of employees. As a labour-related issue, numerous laws exist in every nation to protect the safety, health, and welfare of workers. Therefore, it is the employer's legal obligation to provide a secure workplace for employees. Without employee participation, state legislation and employer efforts to ensure a safe and healthy workplace are ineffective. Employee conduct is considered a crucial aspect of ensuring workplace safety. Human behaviour consists of an individual's actions based on heredity, social norms, fundamental faith, and attitude. Thus, religion plays an essential role in promoting safe work practises. Islam has a significant impact on the lifestyle and conduct of its followers. This conceptual paper highlights safety and health-related Islamic principles and guidelines. An effort has been made to examine the primary sources of Islam for safety, health, and environmental principles and regulations. From an Islamic perspective, behaviour-based safety entails establishing a work environment based on the Islamic principles of brotherhood, mutuality, cooperation, mercy, compassion, and beneficence. Observers note that the Islamic approach to occupational safety and health extends beyond compliance with organisational safety procedures. Nonetheless, it is a religious duty and a divine vocation.

    In addition, the final article in this issue is titled "The Legal Status of the Occupied Palestinian Territory" by Shehab and Marni. The purpose of the study is to define and clarify the legal status of the Palestinian territories as well as their legal and political obligations and consequences during three time periods: before the Oslo Convention, after the establishment of the Palestinian Authority, and after Palestine became an observer state at the United Nations. Consequently, their key findings can be summed up as follows: First, the various legal descriptions of the Palestinian territories have no bearing on the legal status or direct responsibility of Israeli occupation in the occupied territories, which are considered occupied. Second, Israel's refusal to implement the provisions of the Geneva Conventions has no legal force or effect because it is obligated to do so as a member of these conventions. Third, Israel's violation of conventions justifies international accountability. This is apart from the precariousness of Israel's position on the applicability of the Fourth Geneva Convention to the occupied Palestinian territories under international law's governing documents. This is also the view of the international community regarding the United Nations and other international organisations' resolutions.

     

  • al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 2 No. 2 (2017)

    The Editorial Board is delighted to announce volume 2, issue 2 (December 2017) of al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues. This issue contains eight articles on hadith studies, Islamic education and teaching, family issues, linguistics and translation, Islamic law, and Islamic thought.

    In Sudi et al. paper, they examine the concept of spiritual intelligence from the hadith's perspective. According to the research, the hadith describes faith as the basis of spiritual intelligence. In addition, the study discovered that the hadiths emphasise piety, love for Allah and the Prophet (PBUH), self-confidence, and steadfast patience as spiritual qualities.

    In Othman et al. article titled "Ibnu Khaldun's Concept of Malakah in the Teaching Context that Implementing High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)," examine the contents of synonymy or summarising the meaning of Ibn Khaldun's poor concept in the context of the teaching of Islamic education subjects. This study produced four fundamental concepts for the application of HOTS through the use of Malakah in conjunction with ‘aql tamyīzī, ‘aql tajrībī, ‘aql nazarī and insāniyah fact. In general, the implementation of Islamic Education PdP, which implements HOTS, should centre on Ibn Khaldun's process and philosophy of teaching to ensure that students' understanding, appreciation, and practise are based on the Islamic Education Philosophy's requirements.

    In their article titled "Trend and Marriage Divorce Factor in Selangor from 2011 to 2015," Abd. Majid and Saleh Hudin identify the trend and divorce factors among married couples from 2011 to 2015. The results revealed an increase in divorce rates between 2011 and 2015, with cases varying by gender, length of marriage, and age of the couple. The highest contributors to divorce in Selangor are couple responsibility and negligence, followed by miscommunication, personal ethics, third-party interference, low religious education, the economy, sexuality, career, and health. The difference between cultures is the smallest. Diverse approaches and the cooperation of all stakeholders are required to mobilise and prevent the escalation of this divorce issue.

    In his paper entitled "Comparative Analysis of Arabic-Malay Particle Translation," Norul' Azmi discusses the meaning, function, type, language form, and translation method of Kamus Idris Al-Marbawi (KIAM) and Kamus Besar Arab Melayu Dewan (KBAMD). The results revealed that there are discrepancies between the translations of KIAM and KBAMD, that KBAMD does not translate certain particles, and that there are also differences in the number of meanings generated for each particle by each dictionary. Thus, it is anticipated that this study will contribute to the discovery of new information regarding Arabic lexicography and particles in particular. This research would also have a positive impact on the linguistic study of Arabic in terms of grammar, translation, and even other studies pertaining to the thoughts and cultures of Malay writers.

    Following by Nasimah Abdullah, in her paper titled "Method of Translating Metaphor into Simile: A Study on Quranic Texts Translated into the Malay Language," discusses Quranic texts translated into Malay and then analyses them to determine the efficacy of the translation method employed. Her study employs descriptive, analytic, and comparative techniques to evaluate selected Malay translations of the Quran by Mahmud Yunus, Abdullah Basmeih, and Zaini Dahlan. In order to create a cultural adaptation, these translators alter the form of metonymy and metaphor in the Quran to simile in the target language. This demonstrates that translating metaphor into simile has contributed to conveying the closest meaning, although this technique is seldom employed.

    In the Islamic law field, Syed Omar et al. examine the concept of Istitābat al-‘Arab regarding halal food rulings by referencing numerous Quranic verses, hadith, and Islamic principles in their paper titled "Halal Food Culture in Kuala Terengganu: Shariah Perspective (Istitābat al-‘Arab)." This study also examines the various interpretations of the concept of Istitābat al-‘Arab by the four major Islamic denominations (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafie, and Hanbali). This paper explains the concept of Istitābat al-‘Arab from a Shariah perspective as it relates to the formation of Kuala Terengganu's halal culinary culture in terms of local food regulations.

    Ismail et al. discuss the relationship between the Muslim youth's understanding of the definition (or concept) of religious freedom and their understanding of the issue of apostasy. In their article titled "Muslim Youth Understanding on the Concept of Religious Freedom and the Issue of Apostasy in Islam: A Study at Higher Learning Institutions of Selangor." With a mean score of 4.33, their findings indicate that the understanding of religious freedom among Muslim youth is high. With a mean score of 3.86, their comprehension of apostasy is also excellent. In addition, Spearman's analysis reveals a positive and statistically significant correlation (p<.05) between respondents' understanding of the concept of religious freedom and their understanding of the issue of apostasy in Islam.

    Finally, in the paper titled "The Notion of Liberalisation on the Anti-Hadith Movement and its Impact on Society," Usman et al. elucidate on Islamic liberalisation efforts, particularly those that address the issues of hadiths raised by the Anti-Hadith Movement (AHM). Among the concerns expressed are the applicability of the hadiths' teachings in the modern era and the legitimacy of the hadiths' role as a medium driving progress or regress. The conclusion of the study is that AHM invites societal ramifications and confusion in the form of Western thought and the civilization that moulds contemporary Islamic thought.

     

  • al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 2 No. 1 (2017)

    The Editorial Board is delighted to announce volume 2, issue 1 (June 2017) of al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues. This issue contains eight articles on Islamic law, Islamic psychology, Islamic education and teaching, Quranic studies, as well as linguistics and translation.

    Zanariah Dimon, in her paper titled "Faith Recovery for the Cases of Renunciation Application in Islamic Religious Court," examines the procedure that follows the Syariah Court's receipt of an application to renounce Islam and the creed restoration process that an applicant must undergo prior to the Syariah Court's decision. After accepting religious status application cases, they discovered that the creed restoration practise was conducted as creed counselling or detention at the centre of creed restoration, per the instruction of the Syariah Court Judge. At the state level, there were no transparent and standardised legal provisions regarding repentance mandates (istitābah). The study also includes implications and several recommendations for enhancing the practise of creed restoration.

    Mohd Rapini and Md. Noor, in their article titled "Shaḥādah in Syariah Court Evidence Statutes in Malaysia: Its Foundation and Legal Sources," elucidate the foundation and legal source of codifying the pertinent provisions of shahdah in Syariah Court Evidence Statutes (SCES) Malaysia. They discovered that shahdah under SCES refers to Islamic legal rulings, primarily from the Shāfi‘ī mazhab, also known as Malaysia's primary Islamic law reference. However, other views of fiqh are also permissible in certain circumstances when the flexible approach of selecting views from various Islamic schools of law is used to accommodate SCES.

    Shaharuddin et al., in their article titled "The Converts and Zakat Distribution in the State of Selangor," analyse the method of zakat distribution in Selangor. In addition, the research will examine statistics regarding the assistance programmes received by converts in Selangor. According to their findings, there are twelve zakat distribution methods. In addition, the study provides statistics regarding assistance programmes received by converts. There are fifteen distinct categories of assistance available to converts. The hari raya allowance and monthly financial assistance, with respective totals of 54.4% and 47.6%, are the two forms of assistance that converts receive the most of. On the other hand, publishing and publication assistance account for only 7% of all assistance programmes. The implication is that zakat is disbursed in the form of either money or services. The study concludes that the zakat authority in Selangor has distributed funds equitably among 1/8 of zakat recipients.

    Sudi et al., in their article titled "Spiritual in the Quran: Concepts and Constructs," discuss the spiritual concepts in the Quran that pertain to spirituality, as well as how the Quran debates the spiritual construct in these verses. According to studies, the Quran emphasises that spirituality contributes to human ascent and self-enlightenment in order to attain the purpose and meaning of life, where the basis of happiness and prosperity is a result of a healthy spirituality. In addition to al-qalb, al-rūḥ, al-nafs, and al-‘aql, which have been highlighted by previous Muslim scholars, the Quran also specifies al-lubb, al-ṣadr, al-ra’y, and al-fu’ād as spiritual constructs.

    Abdullah et al., in their paper titled "Issues on Islamic Education in the Philippines," explain that Islamic education in the Philippines will play a significant role in meeting the educational needs of every Filipino Muslim. Their research demonstrates that Islamic education is essential for harmony and growth in the Muslim-Christian relationship. The study reveals that, as a result of the country's achievement of peace and development, the government implements the Arabic Language and Islamic Values Programme (ALIVE), which leads to National Public Holidays, provides equal education, provides an opportunity for Muslim scholars, and confers some benefit on the Muslim community in the Philippines. Focusing on the issue of Islamic education in the nation will cultivate a garden of peace that could lead to respect and harmony.

    Salleh and Embong, in their paper titled "Educational Views of Ibnu Sina," discuss the Muslim philosopher's perspective on education. Analyses have been conducted on Ibn Sina's philosophical and epistemological concepts and ideas regarding education. Extensive document analysis was conducted for this purpose, and Ibnu Sina's previous writings were consulted. Ibnu Sina compiled a 'biographical' account of his life and accomplishments based on whatever materials were available to him. A narrative analysis is used to elicit results, followed by a comparative analysis of this philosopher with Western thinkers such as Aristotle and John Dewey. This hopefully clarifies Ibn Sina's sincerity in developing knowledge in accordance with the Quran and Sunnah, as well as his contribution to the modern educational system.

    Nawi and Mohd Marzuki, in their paper titled "Mufti Muḥammad Taqī ‘Usmānī and His Scholarly Contribution to the Qur’anic Studies," describe the life of Mufti Muḥammad Taqī ‘Usmānī and his contribution to the study of the Holy Quran. The analysis demonstrates that Mufti Muḥammad Taqī ‘Usmānī is a continuation of Waliyullah's tradition and Deobandi scholars in providing Quranic instruction to laypeople and scholars via his writings and other scholarly works.

    Finally, Nasimah Abdullah, in her paper titled "Reasons for the weakness of the readability of Quranic texts translated into Malay Language," discusses the extent of the readability of Quranic texts translated into Malay. The study concludes, based on several examples, that some translated texts lack eloquence due to the use of brackets in convergent positions and the presence of repetitions. In addition, the evidence demonstrates, to some extent, an unnecessary complexity in sentence structure due to the occurrence of multiple pronouns referring to the same person or object and a mismatch between pronouns and the referred noun. In order to ensure the cohesion and coherence of sentences, whether in part or in whole, the extent of the intelligibility of translated text plays a crucial role.

     

  • al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues
    Vol. 1 No. 1 (2016)

    The Editorial Board of al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues is pleased to announce the publication of its inaugural issue (December 2016) of volume 1, number 1. This issue consists of ten articles on Quranic sciences, linguistics, comparative religion, Islamic law, education, and Islamic thought.

    In Quranic sciences, Baharudin and Jamil wrote "Makki and Madani Sciences and Their Importance for Islamic Preachers." This paper contributes to the science of Makki and Madani, one of the extraordinary Quranic sciences that must be mastered by Preachers in order to comprehend the methods of da'wah in order to guarantee the success of da'wah and then have a positive impact on their mad'u.

    In the field of linguistics and translation, Nasimah Abdullah, in her article titled "The Importance of Context in the Authentic Translation," emphasises the significance of context in achieving an exact translation, particularly in translating the Quranic metaphorical connotations into the Malay language based on the semantic equivalence between the source and target texts to the closest possible meaning of the original Arabic text.

    In their paper titled "A Comparison of the Messiah Concept from Islamic and Christian Perspectives," Syihab and Afnan attempted to contribute to the field of comparative religion. This research suggests that both religions share the same concept of the Messiah, but apply it to vastly distinct principles and concepts.

    Rabi'ah Muhammad Serji, an expert in Islamic law, presented a paper entitled "Application of Islam and Malay Customs to the Torrens System in Malaysia." She discovered that Islamic law and Malay customs were only occasionally recognised and applied. The exclusive authority granted to the Syariah Court by the amendment to the Federal Constitution allows Islamic law and Malay customs to be applied to the administration of land law in Malaysia.

    In their paper titled "Relationship Between Learning and Behavioural Evaluation Between Religious Officers to Deal with ODHA in Malaysia," Kadir@Shahar et al. investigate the relationship between learning and behavioural evaluation among religious officers in Malaysia following attendance at the Manual on HIV/AIDS in Islam Training Programmes organised by the Islamic Development Department of Malaysia (JAKIM). The training programmes were designed to disseminate the most accurate and up-to-date information on HIV/AIDS and to train religious officers in Malaysia to address the issues among Muslims. Participants can engage in outreach activities with People Living with HIV/AIDS (ODHA) as a result of the training programmes' theoretical and practical components. They discovered that the knowledge gained through the training programme Manual Islam and HIV/AIDS had successfully altered the behaviour and understanding of religious officers regarding the function of da'wah in ODHA.

    In Islamic thought, Daud et al. authored "The Attitudes of Youth towards Non-Religious Thinking" with the participation of 43 adolescents from a Malaysian university. This study seeks to examine the youth's background in atheism and evaluate their attitudes. The results indicate that the level of youth appreciation is moderate, with the majority of youth concerned about Islam and interested in undertaking religious programmes.

    In her paper titled "Facing the Modern World Challenges: A Review of Islamic Scholars Strategies," Mariam Abd. Majid outlined a few strategies that Islamic Scholars must implement in order to reach out to the masses (ummah). Her research reveals four primary focuses of Islamic scholars when formulating a strategy to approach the ummah: dominating the mental requirements of the elements (spiritual, soul, and physical).

    In his paper titled "Status of Islamic and Non-Islamic States: Views of Contemporary Muslim Scholars," Abdul Hakim Baharudin@Ismail analysed the distinction between Muslim and non-Muslim countries in Muslim scholars' perspectives on various Syariah laws. He discovered that contemporary and traditional scholars have divergent perspectives on this topic, with the distinction being based on reality and current necessity.

    In their paper titled "Extremism of Rajah Solaiman Movement (RSM) as an Islamic Movement in the Philippines," Abdullah et al. argued that the movement of Islamic activities in the Philippines has always been hampered by the deceptive ideologies of certain Muslim leaders, who engage in murder, kidnapping, terrorism, etc. In this instance, they discussed the extremism or radicalism of the Rajah Solaiman Movement (RSM), which gives non-Muslims a negative perception of Islam as a religion of terrorism.

    In addition, Norsaleha Mohd. Salleh's "The Roles of Islamic NGOs in Dealing with the Feminism Agenda in Malaysia" is the final paper on Islamic thought in this issue. She examined the roles of Wanita Ikatan Muslimin Malaysia (Wanita ISMA), an Islamic non-governmental organisation whose efforts directly oppose the feminist agenda in Malaysia. She argued that the feminist movement is among the goals of Islam's adversaries and seeks to mutilate the identities and personalities of Muslim women. It is an invasion of the mind that demands liberty, gender equality, and humanity. Like an oasis in the desert, these slogans successfully created deception and delusion in the minds of Muslim women until they were perceived as genuine and evident.