Performing Obligatory Prayer While Hospitalised: Perspectives of Muslim Patients in a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia

Melaksanakan Solat Wajib Semasa di Hospital: Perspektif Pesakit Muslim dalam Sebuah Hospital Pengajar Malaysia

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53840/alirsyad.v9i2.458

Keywords:

Prayer, Muslim, Religious Practices, Spiritual Care

Abstract

Supporting obligatory prayer for patients has become the focus of the healthcare system in Malaysia since the 1990s. Despite frameworks, guidelines, and facilities for the patients, recent studies have reported the number of patients who perform obligatory prayers at the hospital is still low. The reasons for this are unclear. In understanding the issue, this study explores the challenges of Muslim patients in performing prayer during hospitalisation. Using a qualitative single-embedded case study design, adult Muslims admitted to a teaching hospital on the East Coast of Malaysia for over 24 hours and fluent in Malay or English were recruited. Data were collected between October 2021 and August 2022 through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The data were analysed using the framework technique facilitated by NVivo software version 12. 18 participants were involved, and several themes emerged: perceptions towards Allah and misconceptions about leniency, feelings of uncleanliness and unsuitability to pray, and insufficient support. Despite being aware of the prayer obligation, patients' misconceptions about leniency led to disengagement from prayer activities.

Contribution: The study captures the personal experiences and challenges faced by Muslim patients. It allows a deeper understanding of how hospital environments, personal perceptions, and support systems affect spiritual practices during hospitalisation. While frameworks and guidelines exist to support patients in performing obligatory prayers, this study highlights a critical gap between these provisions and actual patient behaviour. By identifying challenges such as misconceptions about leniency and cleanliness, the study sheds light on previously underexplored reasons for low prayer engagement.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Ratna Zuhairah Abdul Halim, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), MALAYSIA

Ratna Zuhairah is a dedicated educator and researcher currently pursuing a PhD in Biobehavioral Science. She holds a Master’s degree in Islamic Studies from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), which has shaped her expertise in integrating Islamic principles with contemporary educational practices. With a passion for teaching and nurturing young minds, Ratna is currently an Islamic teacher at a secondary school in Kuantan. Her work emphasises the importance of fostering holistic development, combining spiritual values with behavioural insights to inspire her students both academically and personally. As a researcher, Ratna is committed to exploring the intersection of biobehavioral science and Islamic perspectives, contributing to meaningful advancements in her field.

Sanisah Saidi, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), MALAYSIA

Associate Professor Dr. Sanisah Saidi is a dedicated academic and researcher who specialises in nursing research, diabetes management, and spiritual care. She has made significant contributions to advancing holistic approaches in healthcare, particularly in empowering patients to manage their health effectively. Her extensive work includes publications on diabetes management and patient empowerment, reflecting her commitment to improving care outcomes and fostering a deeper understanding of patient needs. A recipient of multiple grants, Associate Professor Dr. Sanisah has led several funded research projects at both the university and national levels. She is also involved in several research projects internationally. With a passion for integrating research and practice, Associate Professor Sanisah combines her nursing and spiritual care expertise to advocate for patient-centred, ethically grounded healthcare practices.

Nazri Mohd Yusof, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), MALAYSIA

Professor Dr. Nazri Mohd Yusof is a distinguished orthopaedic surgeon and academic, widely recognized for his orthopedics expertise and pioneering contributions to Islamic medical practice and Shariah-compliant healthcare systems. A prolific author, Professor Dr. Nazri has published extensively in orthopaedics and Shariah-compliant healthcare, advancing the integration of Islamic principles with modern medical practices. His work has enhanced patient care and influenced the development of ethical and culturally sensitive healthcare frameworks. With a passion for clinical excellence and academic research, Professor Nazri continues to lead efforts in bridging traditional Islamic values with contemporary medical innovations, inspiring healthcare professionals and academics worldwide.

Aminudin Che Ahmad, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), MALAYSIA

Professor Aminudin Che Ahmad is a highly respected orthopedic surgeon and academic renowned for his extensive contributions to Sharia-compliant healthcare frameworks. His work exemplifies integrating Islamic principles into modern medical practices, ensuring ethical and spiritually attuned patient care. A prolific researcher, Professor Aminudin has published numerous studies on Ibadah (acts of worship) among hospitalized patients, particularly within the orthopedic field. His research has profoundly influenced how healthcare systems accommodate the spiritual and religious needs of Muslim patients in clinical settings. With a distinguished career dedicated to advancing faith-based healthcare practices, Professor Aminudin continues to lead innovative efforts that bridge the gap between science and spirituality.

Nor Haty Hassan, Fakulti Perubatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), MALAYSIA

Dr. Nor Haty Hassan is an accomplished nursing lecturer and researcher who focuses on advancing care practices in nursing and long-term care. Her expertise lies in the care of patients with stroke and stroke rehabilitation, areas in which she has contributed significantly through research and publications. Dr. Nor Haty has been actively involved in numerous research projects, exploring innovative strategies to improve outcomes for patients requiring long-term care. Her work emphasises evidence-based practices to enhance the quality of life for stroke patients and support their recovery journey. A passionate educator and dedicated scholar, Dr. Nor Haty continues to inspire advancements in nursing care through her teaching, research, and commitment to patient well-being.

Susanti Suryanne S., Universitas Indonesia, Depok, INDONESIA

Dr. Suryanne S. Susanti is a distinguished nursing lecturer specialising in midwifery. Renowned for her expertise in nursing management, she has contributed significantly to advancing healthcare practices in Indonesia and beyond. An accomplished researcher, Dr. Suryanne has published numerous articles focusing on nursing management and its application in diverse healthcare settings. Her work reflects a commitment to improving nursing practices and enhancing the quality of care for mothers and families. Dr. Suryanne has also actively participated in various research projects, both locally and internationally, showcasing her dedication to fostering collaborative approaches to healthcare innovation.

References

Abdul Halim, R. Z., Saidi, S., Mohd Yusof, N., & Hassan, N. H. (2024). Spiritual enrichment through solah: Impact on patients and navigating challenges in addressing spiritual needs within hospital settings - A narrative review. International Journal of Care Scholars, 7(2), 132–143. Retrieved from: https://journals.iium.edu.my/ijcs/index.php/ijcs/article/view/350

Abu-Ras, W. (2011). Chaplaincy and spiritual care services: The case for Muslim patients. Topics in integrative health care, 2(2), 1-16. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233412515_TOPICS_IN_INTEGRATIVE_HEALTH_CARE_ISSN_2158-4222_-_VOL_22_Chaplaincy_and_Spiritual_Care_Services_The_Case_for_Muslim_Patients

Ahmad Sukri, H., & Muhd Adnan, N. I. (2020). The reason of jama’ prayer from the views of four schools of thought. Al-Qanatir: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 17(1), 16–28. Retrieved from https://al-qanatir.com/aq/article/view/224

Akhbardeh, M. (2017). Role of spiritual beliefs and prayer in health promotion of chronic patients: a qualitative study. Quarterly of Quran and Medicine, 1(1 and 2), 5–9. Retrieved from https://www.magiran.com/p971661)

Aminudin, C. A., Mustafa, N. F., Alias, N., & Aziz, N. A. A. (2013). A study of practice on performing ibadah among in-ward diabetic ulcer patients. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 12(2), 7. https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v12i2

Aris, M. S. M., Rani, M. D. M., Jaafar, M. H., Norazmi, A. ‘Ubaidah, A., & Umar, N. S. (2017). Knowledge, attitude, and practice of performing prayers (Salat) among Muslim patients in hospital Langkawi, Kedah: Roles of muslim healthcare providers. Advanced Science Letters, 23(5), 4955–4959. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.8975

Azhari, A., A Hadi, M., Che Ahmad, C. A., Abdullah, N. Z., Awang, M. S., & Ismail, R. (2022). Knowledge, attitude and practicality of solat among the hospitalised patients. International Journal of Care Scholars, 5(1), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v5i1.232

Bakar, A., & Kurniawati, N. (2013). Worship experience of patients who received islamic spiritual caring, hospitalized at islamic aisyiah hospital and haji general hospital: A phenomenology study. Critical Medical & Surgical Nursing, 1(2), 115-119. Retrieved from: http://journal.unair.ac.id/table_of_content_129_volume1_nomor2.html

Al-Bakri, M. Z. (2019). Irsyad hukum siri ke-337: Antara doktor lelaki muslim dengan doktor perempuan bukan Muslim, siapakah yang lebih didahulukan? Retrieved from Pejabat Mufti Wilayah Persekutuan Website: https://www.muftiwp.gov.my/ms/artikel/irsyad-hukum/umum/3835-irsyad-al-fatwa-siri-ke-337-siapakah-yang-lebih-didahulukan-antara-doktor-lelaki-muslim-dengan-doktor-perempuan-bukan-muslim-bagi-menyambut-kelahiran-bayi

Che Mohamad, C. A., Roslan, R., Sharifudin, M. A., & Taib, M. N. A. (2015). A Review on the applications of rukhsoh in medical practice. In Eltigani, E. (Ed). Revelation and Science in the 21st Century. IIUM Press, Kuala Lumpur, pp. 57-63. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274310780

DeWalt, K. M., & DeWalt, B. R. (2011). Participant Observation: A Guide for Field Workers (2nd ed). Maryland, USA: Rowman & Littlefield.

Ghorbani, A., Rahimi, P., Joafshan, M. A., Toqani, F., Abbas Ghods, H., & Rahmai, D. (2019). Assessment of the problems of hospitalised patients to do prayer in Qazvin teaching hospitals. Journal of Quran and Medicine, 4(4), 43–54. Retrieved from: https://www.magiran.com/p2114352

Hamzah, S., & Ismail, A. M. (2017). Rukhsah ibadah, etika keperawatan dan prasarana hospital: Peranan hospital beridentiti Islam dalam pembentukkan hospital mesra ibadah. Jurnal Pengajian Islam, 10 (1), 92-103. Retrieved from https://myjurnal.mohe.gov.my/public/article-view.php?id=118560

Jamaludin, M. A., Kartika, B., Ramli, M. A., & Hamzah, M. H. (2019). Muslim-friendly hospital services framework. Halal Journal, 3(3), 11-24. Retrieved from https://myehalal.halal.gov.my/portal-halal/v1/pdf/jurnal/2.%20MUSLIM-FRIENDLY%20HOSPITAL%20FRAMEWORK.pdf

Kasule, O. H. (2013). Toward syariah compliant hospital: Planning, implementation and challenges. Retrieved from Integrated Medical Education Resources Website: https://omarkasule-tib.blogspot.com/2014/02/130726p-toward-syariah-compliant.html

Lyte, G., Milnes, L., Keating, P., & Finke, A. (2007). Review management for children with asthma in primary care: a qualitative case study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16(7B), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01542.x

Mirzaei, M., Aspin, C., Essue, B., Jeon, Y. H., Dugdale, P., Usherwood, T., & Leeder, S. (2013). A patient-centred approach to health service delivery: Improving health outcomes for people with chronic illness. BMC Health Services Research, 13(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-251

Mohamed, A. H., Zamzila, A., Aminuddin, C. A., Shahrin, C. A., Azril, M. A., Shukrimi, M. A., ... & Saufi, A. M. (2013). Awareness, knowledge and practicality of solat among the in-ward patient: A preliminary study. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 12(2), 8. Retrieved from http://www.e-imj.com/

Mohd Arifin, S. R., Mohd Nazir, N. A., Samsudin, S., & Daud, N. (2022). Understanding doctors’ and nurses’ roles in the Islamic medical practice and rukhsah solah in a shariah-compliant hospital. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 18(19), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.18.s19.15

Mohd Zaini. A. F. & Ibrahim, B. (2019). Application of rukhsah solat by health care workers. International Journal of Human and Health Sciences, Supplementary Issues, 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v0i0.158

Al‐Obaidi, S., Wall, J. C., Mulekar, M. S., & Al‐Mutairie, R. (2012). The reliability of prayer-based self-efficacy scale to assess self-confidence of Muslim with low back pain. Physiotherapy Research International, 17(2), 110–120. https://doi.org/10.1002/pri.522

Reid-Arndt, S. A., Smith, M. L., Dong, P. Y., & Johnstone, B. (2011). Gender differences in spiritual experiences, religious practices, and congregational support for individuals with significant health conditions. Journal of Religion, Disability and Health, 15(2), 175–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228967.2011.566792

Saad, M., & de Medeiros, R. (2016). Programs of religious/spiritual support in hospitals - five ‘Whies’ and five ‘Hows’. Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine, 11, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13010-016-0039-z

Saidi, S., Milnes, L. J., & Griffiths, J. (2018). Fatalism, faith and fear: A case study of self-care practice among adults with Type 2 diabetes in urban Malaysia. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(19–20), 3758–3767. https://doi.org/10.1111/JOCN.14559

Al-Shahri, M.Z. (2002). Culturally sensitive caring for Saudi. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 13(2), 133-138. https://doi.org/10.1177/104365960201300206

Spencer, L., Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., & Dillon, L. (2003). Quality in qualitative evaluation: A framework for assessing research evidence. (N. C. for S. Research, Ed.). Government Chief Social Research Office.

Sudi, S., Md Sham, F., & Yama, P. (2017). Spiritual in the Quran: Concepts and constructs. Al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues, 2(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.53840/alirsyad.v2i1.26

Suhaiza, A., Hamizah, I., Mazira, C. H., Aidil, A. R., Mustafa, K. B., Ayu, A., ... & Ziana, A. W. (2013). Knowledge, perception and attitude among pregnant mothers towards Ibadah. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 12(2), 5. Retrieved from https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/abstract?site=eds&scope=site&jrnl=18234631&AN=93607565&h=PK4%2FuOo5pDEtBNgmNRd3bi48bX9Xpa4Gju8IfFjuSeZiTHqqP5HIyvbBFgexjh6F05jjPSi3V9EwLiwjkc1Buw%3D%3D&crl=c&resultLocal=ErrCrlNoResults&resultNs=Ehost&crlhashurl=login.aspx%3Fdi

Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and application: Design and methods (6th ed.). United States of America: Sage Publication.

Yusof, N. M., Abdul Aziz, F., Mustafa, K. B., & Mokhtar, A. A. (2018). Practice and awareness of salat obligation during hospital admission among female Muslim patients in obstetrics & gynaecology. Revelation and Science, 8(1), 24–30. Retrieved from http://irep.iium.edu.my/id/eprint/65006

Performing Obligatory Prayer While Hospitalised: Perspectives of Muslim Patients in a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia

Downloads

Published

2024-12-24

How to Cite

Abdul Halim, R. Z., Saidi, S., Mohd Yusof, N., Che Ahmad, A., Hassan, N. H., & Suryanne S., S. (2024). Performing Obligatory Prayer While Hospitalised: Perspectives of Muslim Patients in a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia: Melaksanakan Solat Wajib Semasa di Hospital: Perspektif Pesakit Muslim dalam Sebuah Hospital Pengajar Malaysia. Al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues, 9(2), 1306–1319. https://doi.org/10.53840/alirsyad.v9i2.458

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues

Section

English

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Ratna Zuhairah Abdul Halim, Sanisah Saidi, Nazri Mohd Yusof; Aminudin Che Ahmad; Nor Haty Hassan, Susanti Suryanne S.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

License and Copyright Agreement
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:

  • They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
  • The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
  • That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
  • That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
  • They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
  • They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.

Copyright
Authors who publish with al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. 
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Licensing for Data Publication

al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues use a variety of waivers and licenses that are specifically designed for and appropriate for the treatment of data:

Other data publishing licenses may be allowed as exceptions (subject to approval by the editor on a case-by-case basis) and should be justified with a written statement from the author, which will be published with the article.

Open Data and Software Publishing and Sharing
The journal strives to maximize the replicability of the research published in it. Authors are thus required to share all data, code, or protocols underlying the research reported in their articles. Exceptions are permitted but have to be justified in a written public statement accompanying the article.
Datasets and software should be deposited and permanently archived in appropriate, trusted, general, or domain-specific repositories (please consult http://service.re3data.org and/or software repositories such as GitHub, GitLab, Bioinformatics.org, or equivalent). The associated persistent identifiers (e.g. DOI, or others) of the dataset(s) must be included in the data or software resources section of the article. Reference(s) to datasets and software should also be included in the reference list of the article with DOIs (where available). Where no domain-specific data repository exists, authors should deposit their datasets in a general repository such as ZENODO, Dryad, Dataverse, or others.
Small data may also be published as data files or packages supplementary to a research article, however, the authors should prefer in all cases a deposition in data repositories.

Most read articles by the same author(s)