Skeptisisme Orientalis terhadap Hadis: Analisis Kritis Pemikiran Goldziher dan Schacht
Orientalist Scepticism Towards Hadith: A Critical Analysis of the Thoughts of Goldziher and Schacht
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53840/alirsyad.v10i2.548Keywords:
Hadith, Orientalist, Scepticism, Authenticity, EpistemologyAbstract
This study critically analysed the thoughts of two prominent Orientalist, Ignaz Goldziher and Joseph Schacht, who introduced a sceptical approach to the authenticity and authority of the hadith of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Goldziher questioned the originality of isnād, viewing hadith as a reflection of the sociopolitical developments within the Muslim community. Meanwhile, Schacht rejected the reliability of early isnād, arguing that most hadiths were fabricated to support the later authority of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). This study employed document analysis and methodological comparison to evaluate the epistemological foundations, methodologies, and the strengths and weaknesses of their arguments. This study further explored the critical responses of modern Muslim scholars, including M. M. Azami, who uphold the authenticity of hadith through rigorous academic and historical methods. The findings indicated that while the Orientalist approach has introduced new perspectives in Western hadith studies, it often disregards the established internal disciplines of hadith sciences within the Islam. This study emphasized the need for a balanced, contextual, and interdisciplinary approach for evaluating hadith sources.
Contribution: This study is highly relevant to the focus and scope of the journal, which centers on the study of religion, epistemology, and research methodology, as it integrates historical analysis, source criticism methodology, and contemporary perspectives in hadith studies. This study also contributes significantly to scholarly debates on hadith and encourages researchers to re-examine hadith studies through a holistic and critical approach.
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