Metodologi Imam Syafii (767-820 M./150-204 H.) Mentafsirkan Ayat-Ayat Taharah: Analisis terhadap Penggunaan Hadis dalam Kitab al-Umm
The Methodology of Imam al-Shāfi‘ī (767-820 CE/150-204 AH) in Interpreting Verses on Ṭahārah: An Analysis of the Use of Hadith in al-Umm
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53840/alirsyad.v11i2.518Keywords:
Imam al-Shāfi‘ī, Interpreting, Ṭahārah, Hadith, al-UmmAbstract
Imam al-Shāfi‘ī is an influential figure in Islamic jurisprudence. In his seminal work, al-Umm, he presents the interpretation of the Quran based on hadith as the primary foundation for jurisprudential discussion. This study aims to analyse al-Shāfi‘ī’s interpretation of the verses on Ṭahārah (purification) in al-Umm and explore the role of hadith in shaping his interpretations. Furthermore, this research challenges the views of those who advocate for a literalist adherence to the texts of the Quran and Sunnah over the following of an established madhhab (school of thought). The primary objective is to analyse al-Shāfi‘ī’s hadith-based interpretations of ṭahārah verses and to examine the presence and accuracy of these hadith in forming the al-Shāfi‘ī school’s legal methodology. This study employs a qualitative approach, focusing on the inductive method to collect and filter hadith related to ṭahārah from the primary source, al-Umm. Additionally, a descriptive method is applied to systematically explain al-Shāfi‘ī’s interpretations regarding the rulings and meanings of these hadith. The findings reveal that al-Umm contains interpretations of ṭahārah verses that employ the al-tafsīr bi al-ma’thūr (interpretation by tradition) method, despite al-Shāfi‘ī's extensive expertise in fiqh (jurisprudence). Several hadith used in these interpretations are ṣaḥīḥ (authentic) and accepted within the science of hadith. Meanwhile, certain controversial hadith are presented and interpreted through ijtihād (independent legal reasoning). These Sunnah based interpretations have formed the core foundations of the al-Shāfi‘ī’s school, particularly concerning the chapter of ṭahārah.
Downloads
References
Abdul Mutalib, L., Wan Ismail, W. A. F., Baharuddin, A. S., A Rashid, R., Haji Mahat, N. A., & Mohd Razali, M. D. (2022). Penetapan harta asas pembayaran diat dalam konteks Malaysia. Al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues, 7(2), 962-971. https://doi.org/10.53840/alirsyad.v7i2.335.
Abū Zahrah, M. (1948). Al-Shāfi‘ī: Ḥayātuh wa ‘aṣruh . Kaherah, Mesir: Dār al-Fikr al-‘Arabī.
Abū Zahrah, M. (1996). Tārikh al-madhāhib al-Islāmiyyah. Kaherah, Mesir: Dār al-Fikr al-‘Arabī.
Abū Zahrah, M. (2003). Uṣūl al-fiqh. Beirut, Lubnān: Dār al-Fikr.
Ahmad, R. (2017). Sikap liberal dalam memahami fiqh Mazhab Syafi’i: Realiti dan fenomena di Malaysia. Jurnal Fiqh, 4, 119-140. https://peradaban.um.edu.my/index.php/fiqh/article/view/4126/1986.
Ahmad, Z. (2022). Istilah agama dalam tamadun Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Al-‘Asqalānī, A. A. H. (1984). Tahdhīb al-tahdhīb. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
Al-‘Asqalānī, A. A. H. (1989). Talkhīṣ al-ḥabīr fī takhrīj aḥādīth al-rāfi‘i al-kabīr. Beirut, Lubnan: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-‘Asqalānī, A. A. H. (1993). Fatḥ al-bārī bi sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Beirut, Lubnan: Dār al-Fikr.
Al-‘Asqalānī, A. A. H. (2000). Nuzhat al-naẓar fī tawḍīḥ nukhbat al-fikar. Riyadh, KSA: Maṭa‘ah al-Ṣafīr.
Al-‘Uqaylī, M. A. (1984). al-Du‘afa’ al-kabīr. Beirut, Lubnan: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Bayhaqī, A. H. (1970). Manaqib al-Shāfi‘ī. Kaherah, Mesir: Dār al-Turath.
Al-Bayhaqī, A. H. (1991). Ma‘rifat al-sunan wa al-athar. Beirut, Lubnan: Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Bayhaqī, A. H. (2011). Al-Sunan al-kubrā. Beirut, Lubnan: Daār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Bukhārī, M. I. (2007). Al-Tārikh al-kabīr. Beirut, Lubnan: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Būṭī, M. S. R. (1970). Al-lāmadhhabiyyah akhtār bid‘ah tuḥaddid al-sharī‘ah al-Islāmiyyah. Damsyik: Dār al-Farabī al-Ma‘ārif.
Al-Harrāsī, K. (2019). Aḥkām al-Qur’ān. Beirut, Lubnan: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Ali, N. (2007). Kontribusi imam Nawawi dalam penulisan syarah hadis. (Tesis Doktor Falsafah). Indonesia: UIN Sunan Kalijaga.
Al-Indūnīsī, A. N. (1988). Al-Imām Shāfi‘ī fī madhhabih al-qadīm wa al-jadīd. Kaherah, Mesir: Dār al-Kutub.
Al-Indūnīsī, A. N. (2018). Ensiklopedia zaman Syafi’i. Usman S. (Terj.). Jakarta, Indonesia: PT Mizan Publika.
Al-Khaṭīb, M. A. (1989). Usul al-ḥadith: ‘Ulūmuh wa muṣṭalaḥuh. Beirut, Lubnan: Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Khīn, M., Al-Bughā, M. & Al-Sharbājī, A. (2009). Al-Fiqh al-manhajī ‘alā madhhab al-imām Shāfi‘ī. Damsyik, Syria: Dār al-Qalam.
Al-Munāwā, A. (1995). Manāqib al-imām al-Shāfi‘ī. Tanta, Mesir: Dār al-Ṣaḥābat li Turāth.
Al-Nawawī, A. Z. M. Y. (2003). Al-Majmū‘ sharḥ al-muhadhdhab. Beirut, lubnan: Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Nawawī, A. Z. M. Y. (2005). Tahzīb al-asmā’ wa al-lughat. Beirut, Lubnan: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Qaṭṭān, M. (1995). Tārikh al-tashri‘ al-Islāmī. Beirut, Lubnan: Mu’assasah al-Risālah.
Al-Rāzī, A. A. (2003). Adab al-Shāfi‘īyyah wa manāqibuh. Beirut, Lubnan: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyat.
Al-Shāfi‘ī, M. I. (2001). Al-Umm. Beirut, Lubnan: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Sibā‘ī, M. (1949). Al-Sunnah wa makānatuhā fi al-tashrī‘ al-Islāmī. Kaherah, Mesir: Dār al-Warrāq.
Al-Subkī, T. A. (1995). Ṭabaqāt al-Shāfi‘īyyah al-kubrā. Jeddah, KSA: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Ṭaḥḥān, M. (2004). Taysīr muṣṭalaḥ al-ḥadīth. Beirut, Lubnan: Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Zarqanī, M. ‘A. (1996). Manāhil al-‘irfān fī ‘ulūm al-Qur’ān. Beirut, Lubnan: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Zuḥaylī, M. (2011). Al-Mu‘tamad fi al-fiqh al-Shāfi‘ī. Damsyik, Syria: Dār al-Qalam.
Al-Zuḥaylī, W. (1986). Uṣūl al-fiqh al-Islāmī. Damsyik, Syria: Dār al-Fikr.
Al-Zuḥaylī, W. (2003). Al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa adillatuh. Beirut, Lubnan: Dār al-Fikr.
Anon. (2000). Al-Mawsū‘ah al-fiqhiyyah. Kuwait: Wizārah al-Awqāf wa al-Shu’ūn al-Islāmiyyah.
Awang, I., & Kasim, T. S. A. T. (2007). Pembudayaan mazhab Syafi’i dalam masyarakat Islam di Malaysia. Jurnal Fiqh, 4, 157–172. https://fiqh.um.edu.my/index.php/fiqh/article/view/4116.
Hassan, M. K. (2009). Towards a common civilization: Critical concepts in political science. London: Routledge.
Ibn Ṣalah, A. ‘A. R. (2002). Ma‘rifah anwā‘ ‘ilm al-ḥadīth. Beirut, Lubnan: Dār al-Kutub al-’Ilmiyyah.
Idris, A. (1998). Metodologi penyelidikan: Suatu pengenalan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Ismon, A. M., & Aris, M. A. M. (2020). Perkembangan penulisan serta penggunaan istilah qawl mu’tamad di dalam mazhab Safi’i. Jurnal ‘Ulwan, 5(1), 190-206. https://ejournal.unimel.edu.my/index.php/JULWAN/article/ view/739/ 589.
Jauhari, W. (2018). Biografi imam Muhammad bin Idris Asy-Syafi’i. Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia: Rumah Fiqih Publishing.
Kamaruddin, K., Ab. Aziz, N. S. & Ab. Rashid, R. (2021). Analisis lafaz ‘am menurut imam Syafii dalam al-Risalah. BITARA International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences, 4(2), 117-129. https://doi.org/10.47548/bitara.2021.4.2.011.
Khairuldin, W. M. K. F. W. (2018). Metodologi fatwa dalam mazhab Syafi'i. Kuala Terengganu: Penerbit Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin.
Ridzuan, A. (2012). Fiqah imam Syafie. Selangor: PTS Millennia Sdn. Bhd.
Taqī al-Dīn, A.B. (2001). Kifāyah al-akhyār fī hal ghāyah al-ikhtiṣār. Damsyik, Syria: Dār al-Bashā’ir.
Zaydān, A. K. (2001). Al-Madkhal li dirāsah al-sharī‘ah al-Islāmiyyah. Beirut, Lubnan: Mu’assasah al-Risālah.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Yusry Affandy Md Isa, Yusrinadini Zahirah Md Isa @ Yusuff
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
License and Copyright Agreement
In submitting the manuscript to the journal, the authors certify that:
- They are authorized by their co-authors to enter into these arrangements.
- The work described has not been formally published before, except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, review, thesis, or overlay journal.
- That it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere,
- That its publication has been approved by all the author(s) and by the responsible authorities – tacitly or explicitly – of the institutes where the work has been carried out.
- They secure the right to reproduce any material that has already been published or copyrighted elsewhere.
- They agree to the following license and copyright agreement.
Copyright
Authors who publish with al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
Licensing for Data Publication
al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues use a variety of waivers and licenses that are specifically designed for and appropriate for the treatment of data:
- Open Data Commons Attribution License, http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/(default)
- Creative Commons CC-Zero Waiver, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
- Open Data Commons Public Domain Dedication and License, http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/pddl/1-0/
Other data publishing licenses may be allowed as exceptions (subject to approval by the editor on a case-by-case basis) and should be justified with a written statement from the author, which will be published with the article.
Open Data and Software Publishing and Sharing
The journal strives to maximize the replicability of the research published in it. Authors are thus required to share all data, code, or protocols underlying the research reported in their articles. Exceptions are permitted but have to be justified in a written public statement accompanying the article.
Datasets and software should be deposited and permanently archived in appropriate, trusted, general, or domain-specific repositories (please consult http://service.re3data.org and/or software repositories such as GitHub, GitLab, Bioinformatics.org, or equivalent). The associated persistent identifiers (e.g. DOI, or others) of the dataset(s) must be included in the data or software resources section of the article. Reference(s) to datasets and software should also be included in the reference list of the article with DOIs (where available). Where no domain-specific data repository exists, authors should deposit their datasets in a general repository such as ZENODO, Dryad, Dataverse, or others.
Small data may also be published as data files or packages supplementary to a research article, however, the authors should prefer in all cases a deposition in data repositories.
How to Cite
