المركز القانوني للأراضي الفلسطينية المحتلة
The Legal Status of The Occupied Palestinian Territory
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53840/alirsyad.v3i1.10الكلمات المفتاحية:
Legal Status، Palestinian Territories، Occupation، International Responsibilityالملخص
The legal status of The Occupied Palestinian Territories is a very complicated issue. Therefore, defining the legal status is considered as an introduction which helps determine the legal liability, the legal and political obligations as well as the consequences of such obligations. This study answers some sub-questions besides the following main question: What is the legal status of The Palestinian Territories? This study adopts a mixed-method design: the first is the historical approach which helps to highlight the roots of historical Palestinian Question and follow the political developments in Palestinian territories. The second approach is the descriptive analytical approach which is helpful in analyzing the Legislation and International Conventions and the UN reports. The study aims at defining and clarifying the legal status of the Palestinian territories, and the legal and political obligations and consequences during three periods of time: time prior to Oslo Convention, post establishing Palestinian Authority and the time after Palestine became a non-member observer of the United Nations. The main findings of the study can be summarized as follows: First, the different legal description of the Palestinian territories does not affect the legal status and the direct responsibility of Israeli occupation on the occupied territories, considering it as occupied territories. Second, there is no legal value or effect to Israel's refusal to implement the provisions of Geneva Conventions because Israel is a member of these conventions and it is obliged to apply them. Third, violating conventions is a reason for the international responsibility against Israel. This is apart from the fragility of the Israeli position on applicability of the Fourth Geneva Convention on the occupied Palestinian territories in accordance to the legal charters that are established by the international law. This is also the opinion of international community in accordance to the resolutions of United Nations and various international organizations.
يعد الوضع القانوني في الأراضي الفلسطينية المحتلة معقد ا ج د ا، لذلك فإن تعريف المركز القانوني يعتبر مدخلا لتحديد المسؤولية القانونية والالتزامات القانونية والسياسية، وما يبنى عليها من آثار. وتجيب الدراسة على مجموعة من الأسئلة الفرعية، وعلى السؤال الرئيسي: ما هو
المركز القانوني للأراضي الفلسطينية المحتلة؟، وقد اعتمد الباحث في دراسته على منهاج مختلط، منهجين: أولاهما هو المنهج التاريخي: ومن خلاله يمكن الرجوع إلى جذور القضية الفلسطينية التاريخية وتتبع التطورات السياسية في الأراضي الفلسطينية، وثانيهما هو المنهج الوصفي التحليلي: وذلك عبر تحليل التشريعات والمواثيق الدولية والتقارير الأممية ذات الصلة. وتهدف الدراسة إلى تعريف وايضاح المركز القانوني للأراضي الفلسطينية، و الآثار والالتزامات القانونية والسياسية، وفقا لتقسيم زماني على فترات ثلاث، وهي أولا : ما قبل اتفاقية أوسلو، ثاني ا : ما بعد قيام السلطة الفلسطينية، ثالث ا :ما بعد نيل فلسطين صفة مراقب غير عضو في الأمم المتحدة. ويمكن تلخيص أهم ما توصلت إليه الدراسة فيما يلي : أولا : أن اختلاف الوصف القانوني للأراضي الفلسطينية لا يؤثر في مركزها القانوني والمسؤولية المباشرة للاحتلال الإسرائيلي عن الأراضي الفلسطينية، واعتبارها أرا ض محتلة، ثاني ا : أنه لا قيمة أو أثر قانوني لموقف إسرائيل الرافض لتطبيق أحكام اتفاقيات جنيف لكون إسرائيل دولة طرف في هذه الاتفاقيات وبالتالي هي ملزمة بتطبيقها، ثالث ا : أن انتهاك الاتفاقية يعد سببا لقيام المسؤولية الدولية بحق إسرائيل، بالإضافة لهشاشة الموقف الإسرائيلي بشأن انطباق اتفاقية جنيف الرابعة على الأراضي الفلسطينية المحتلة، طبقا للأسانيد القانونية التي أرساها القانون الدولي، وهذا هو الرأي المعتمد من قبل المجتمع الدولي، بموجب القرارات الصادرة عن الأمم المتحدة والهيئات الدولية المختلفة
التنزيلات
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الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2018 Ahmed A. Shehab, Nurazmallail Marni
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