Persepsi Pelancong Muslim terhadap Aplikasi Realiti Luasan (AR) Berbahasa Arab Berasaskan Prinsip Etika Imam al-Ghazālī (1058-1111 M.) di Selangor, Malaysia

Muslim Tourists’ Perceptions of an Arabic Language Augmented Reality (AR) Application Based on the Ethical Principles of Imam al-Ghazālī (1058-1111 M.) in Selangor, Malaysia

Authors

  • Mohammad Imran Ahmad Universiti Islam Selangor (UIS), MALAYSIA. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6511-9782
  • Mohd Norzi Nasir Universiti Islam Selangor (UIS), MALAYSIA.
  • Mohammad Najib Jaffar Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), MALAYSIA. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-3246
  • Rafidah Haji Abdullah Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali, BRUNEI DARUSSALAM.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53840/alirsyad.v10i2.568

Keywords:

Islamic Tourism, al-Ghazālī, Arabic Language, Augmented Reality, Islamic Ethical Values

Abstract

This quantitative study examined the integration of Imam al-Ghazālī’s spiritual principles of travel (ādāb al-safar) into digital Islamic tourism through an Arabic-based Augmented Reality (AR) application designed for Muslim tourists in Selangor. This study assessed Muslim travellers’ perceptions of AR technology that incorporates Arabic linguistic features and spiritual values grounded in imam al-Ghazālī’s concept of tazkiyah al-nafs (spiritual purification). A structured survey was administered to 400 respondents, comprising local and international Muslim tourists visiting key Islamic heritage sites in Selangor, Malaysia. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation tests. The findings indicated strong acceptance of AR technology in enhancing spiritual reflection, engagement with the Arabic language, and appreciation of Islamic cultural heritage during tourism activities. Furthermore, a significant correlation was identified between AR immersion and the perceived depth of inner spiritual experience. This study concluded that intergrating imam al-Ghazālī’s ethical framework into AR-based Islamic tourism has the potential to foster a more holistic and spiritually conscious form of digital travel.

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Author Biographies

Mohammad Imran Ahmad, Universiti Islam Selangor (UIS), MALAYSIA.

Mohammad Imran bin Ahmad is a Senior Lecturer and strategic academic leader at Universiti Islam Selangor (UIS), currently serving as the Deputy Dean (Student Development and Alumni Affairs) at the Faculty of Islamic Civilisation Studies. He holds a PhD in Arabic Language Studies from Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), specialising in Arabic language needs analysis for Islamic tourism. His scholarly expertise spans Arabic for Specific Purposes, Arabic translation studies, Islamic digital tourism and the application of Augmented Reality (AR) in Arabic language learning. He has successfully led and secured multiple competitive research grants at national and state levels, focusing on AR based Islamic tourism, Arabic digital learning innovation, and sustainable tourism education. His research and innovation outputs have achieved remarkable international success, earning numerous gold medals, best innovation awards, and top exhibition honours at renowned platforms such as PECIPTA, ITEX, IUCEL, and other international invention and innovation exhibitions. He is a prolific researcher with extensive publications in high-impact journals, books, book chapters, and conference proceedings. He is frequently appointed as a panel expert, journal reviewer, external examiner, research consultant, and innovation judge, and remains actively engaged in community empowerment, professional training, and curriculum development at institutional, national, and international levels.

Mohd Norzi Nasir, Universiti Islam Selangor (UIS), MALAYSIA.

Mohd Norzi bin Nasir is a distinguished scholar and lecturer at the Department of al-Quran and al-Sunnah, Faculty of Islamic Civilization Studies, Universiti Islam Selangor (UIS). He holds a Master's degree in Islamic Studies (Hadith) from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and a Bachelor's degree in Islamic Studies (Hadith) from the Islamic University of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. Mohd Norzi has contributed significantly to the field of Hadith studies, specializing in areas such as Ulum al-Hadith, Naqd al-Hadith, and Fiqh al-Hadith. His academic endeavors include research on the methodology of Hadith, sanad analysis, and takhrij. He has been actively involved in various research grants, and has published extensively in academic journals and books. In addition to his academic achievements, Mohd Norzi has held key administrative roles, including serving as Head of the Hadith Unit, at Hadith and Akidah Institute INHAD, UIS. His dedication to advancing Islamic scholarship and education is evident through his leadership and contributions to the academic community.

Mohammad Najib Jaffar, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), MALAYSIA.

Mohammad Najib Jaffar (Najib) is an academic and e-learning specialist at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). He served as the e-Learning Coordinator for two terms and previously held the position of Deputy Dean (Student Development and Performance Management) at the Faculty of Major Language Studies from 2012 to 2016. He is actively involved in academic publishing as the Editor-in-Chief of the Advanced Islamic and Legal Research Journal, Associate Editor of the Frontiers in Education Journal, International Advisory Member of Ijaz Arabi: Arabic Learning Journal, and Editorial Board Member of the International Journal of Education, Culture and Society (IJECS), Science Publishing Group, and Journal of Economics World. He also serves as an editor for the E-Journal on Integration of Knowledge (WCIK-EJ) and as a reviewer for the International Association of Humanities and Management (IAOHM). At the national level, he is a lifelong member of Persatuan Bahasa Arab Malaysia (PBAM) and a member of Majlis Ketua-Ketua e-Pembelajaran IPTA (MeIPTA). His innovation projects have received multiple international recognitions, including Gold Awards at PECIPTA, ITEX, eLCC, IUCEL, IIDEX, and i-SCIIID, for products such as Global Halal Game (GHG) and i-Majrurat. He has published widely in journals, books, book chapters, and conference proceedings.

Rafidah Haji Abdullah, Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali, BRUNEI DARUSSALAM.

Hajah Rafidah binti Haji Abdullah is an academic scholar in Arabic Language and Literary Studies at Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali (UNISSA), Brunei Darussalam, where she currently serves as Dean of the Faculty of Arabic Language. She holds a Ph.D. in Arabic Literary Studies from the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) and has more than 20 years of experience in higher education, covering teaching, research, academic leadership, and international collaboration. Her areas of expertise include Arabic rhetoric, Quranic rhetorical studies, Arabic linguistics, pedagogy of Arabic for non-native speakers, and the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Arabic language learning, as well as studies related to Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB) and Negara Zikir. She has held key governance roles at UNISSA, including membership in the Senate, Principal Officers Meeting, and postgraduate committees, and currently serves as Editor of the Journal of Arabic Linguistics and Literature (JALL). Hajah Rafidah has published widely in Scopus-indexed and international refereed journals and is a co-author of the “Arabiyyatuna” Arabic language textbook series. She has supervised and examined numerous theses and is a frequent keynote speaker at international conferences. Her contributions have been recognised through several awards, including the Pingat Indah Kerja Baik (P.I.K.B) and UNISSA Teaching Excellence Award.

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Muslim Tourists’ Perceptions of an Arabic Language Augmented Reality (AR) Application

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Published

2025-12-19

How to Cite

Ahmad, M. I., Nasir, M. N., Jaffar, M. N., & Haji Abdullah, R. (2025). Persepsi Pelancong Muslim terhadap Aplikasi Realiti Luasan (AR) Berbahasa Arab Berasaskan Prinsip Etika Imam al-Ghazālī (1058-1111 M.) di Selangor, Malaysia: Muslim Tourists’ Perceptions of an Arabic Language Augmented Reality (AR) Application Based on the Ethical Principles of Imam al-Ghazālī (1058-1111 M.) in Selangor, Malaysia. Al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues, 10(2), 1592–1607. https://doi.org/10.53840/alirsyad.v10i2.568

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): al-Irsyad: Journal of Islamic and Contemporary Issues

Section

Malay

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Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Imran Ahmad, Mohd Norzi Nasir, Mohammad Najib Jaffar, Rafidah Haji Abdullah

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